550 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



The Physiology of Pleasure — appeared when he was only twenty- 

 two years of age. It has been published and republished, trans- 

 lated and retranslated, and, although forty years have passed 

 since its appearance, it is still issued in new editions in Italy. In 

 1854 Dr. Mantegazza removed to South America, and for four 

 years practiced medicine at Buenos Ayres and Entrerios in the Ar- 

 gentine Republic and also in Paraguay. Returning to Italy in 

 1858, he practiced medicine and surgery in the military hospital 

 during the war of 1859. In 1860 he secured, by competitive exami- 

 nation, the chair of General Pathology at the University of Pavia, 

 and established in connection with that institution the first labo- 

 ratory in experimental pathology, from which such eminent 

 physiologists as Bizzazzero and Golgi have gone forth. In 1870 

 he removed to Florence to take the first chair of Anthropology. 

 Here he has remained, constantly busying himself in every way 

 that could extend the science to which he is so entirely devoted. 

 Here he has founded the National Museum of Anthropology and 

 Ethnology, the Italian Society of Anthropology, and the journal 

 Archivio per TAntropologia e la Etnologia. What Broca was to 

 Paris and to Prance, Mantegazza is to Italy. The parallel is a 

 strong one, for not only is Mantegazza, like Broca, a leader in 

 anthropological science, but he is a leader of the most liberal 

 portion of the workers in that field. 



Of all sciences anthropology is the one which most keeps a 

 man in touch with men and affairs. Every one knows the slap 

 that the German emperor gave to Virchow recently at Berlin. 

 The occasion was the birthday celebration of the two great scien- 

 tists — Helmholtz the physicist, and Virchow the anthropologist. 

 His Majesty congratulated Helmholtz upon having devoted him- 

 self so closely to his science that he had never meddled in 

 political matters. It is easy for the physicist to do so. But how 

 can a man who studies mankind hold himself aloof from human 

 interests ? Mantegazza has long been in public life. In 1845 he 

 was sent from Monza as representative and was re-elected four 

 times; while in 1876 he was elected senator of the kingdom of 

 Italy. He has never been a political leader, but has always been 

 clearly identified with the Liberal party. 



Mantegazza's writings are exceedingly numerous and varied. 

 He has written anthropological memoirs, works on medicine, vol- 

 umes of travel, monographs upon special races, biographical stud- 

 ies, and romances. Among his more important anthropological 

 works are Physiology of Pleasure, Physiology of Pain, Physi- 

 ology of Love, Physiology of Hate, Love in Humanity, Hygiene 

 of Love, and Physiognomy and Expression. All these have 

 been translated into the leading languages of Europe and have 

 exerted an immense influence. One or other of his books have 



