THE PROGRESS OF PSYCHOLOGY. 779 



The revenue from the exported fish is used for different public 

 expenses, and among others for the improvement of local indus- 

 tries in general and the fisheries in particular. Thus, during the 

 last three or four years, a very fine agricultural school, with a 

 model farm, has been erected at a cost of more than one hundred 

 thousand dollars. They have several scholarships in the lead- 

 ing universities of the empire, and maintain a very large high 

 school. For the purpose of making improvements in local fish- 

 eries a person of suitable education and familiar with home fishery 

 affairs is sent to foreign countries to study the different branches 

 of fishing industry, including pisciculture. I have the honor of 

 being charged with this task. Two years are spent in these 

 studies in all places of fishing importance in the different coun- 

 tries of Europe and North America, and now I have completed 

 them by getting information at the World's Fair. 



The Ural Cossacks' community is represented, although not 

 largely, at the World's Fair, in the Russian department in the 

 Fishery Building, and I should be much pleased if the foregoing 

 could call the attention of visitors to the peculiar fisheries of my 

 fellow Cossacks. 



At the same time I would like to give some idea of the home 

 life of this strange race, who are known in foreign countries only 

 as a semi-barbarous, warlike people on horseback with formidable 

 lances, etc. The foregoing, I hope, will add something new to 

 their characteristics. 



THE PROGRESS OF PSYCHOLOGY. 



By Prof. JAMES McKEEN CATTELL, 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 



FOUR hundred years ago it was possible for Columbus to dis- 

 cover a new world. The circle of the earth is long since 

 complete, but in the presence of each man is an unexplored world 

 — his own mind. There is no mental geography describing the 

 contents of the mind, still less is there a mental mechanics 

 demonstrating necessary relations of thought. Yet the mind is 

 the beginning and the end of science. Physical science is possi- 

 ble because the mind observes and arranges, and physical science 

 has worth because it satisfies mental needs. The mind being 

 thus the center from which we start and to which we return, 

 there is reason for wonder that we know so little concerning it. 

 Each of the physical and biological sciences includes a large 

 mass of facts admitted by all students, and many theories which 

 by general consent are accepted as working hypotheses. In 

 psychology, on the other hand, there seems to be no common 



