ZOOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROGRESS 355 



animal. The recognition of these facts is the first step towards gaining 

 control of the disease. 



There are other larger animal parasites like trichina, the tape worm, 

 the filaria of the blood, etc., the life history of which is due to zoologists. 

 Some of us recollect that the most comprehensive treatment of these is 

 due to Leuckart, a zoologist. His " Die Menschlichen Parasiten " is a 

 piece of research in pure science. The phagocyte theory, with all its 

 implications, was given to the world by a zoologist — Metchnikoff. 



The study of cancer, trypanosomes, opsonins, etc., are being studied 

 by zoologists as well as by medical men, and the work of the medical 

 men with these subjects is chiefly by zoological methods. 



Studies of animal behavior, so extensively carried on by zoologists, 

 are reacting on psychology and lighting the way to new advances in 

 that science. Those zoological studies on the wonderful architecture 

 of the nervous system (to which some of your men in the state univer- 

 sity have contributed) are bringing a knowledge of the mechanism of 

 the brain, and throwing light on its normal processes and its disorders. 

 Leading up through these studies and the inferences to be drawn from 

 them, we arrive at the science of comparative psychology. Furthermore 

 the study of localization of function in definite areas of the brain sub- 

 stance has opened the way to brain surgery. 



The studies of heredity in animals embrace many practical hints to 

 stock breeders and to medical men. 



But we can not make a comprehensive list of the large number of 

 practical applications that come from zoological investigation. The 

 illustrations already given are sufficient to indicate that studies in pure 

 science often become of the highest practical value. The practical ap- 

 plications will follow fast enough upon the heels of advancing knowl- 

 edge. The essential thing, as well as the difficult thing, is, by research, 

 to uncover the facts and to make the first demonstrations. 



Encouragement of Scientific Research. — I wish to speak just a word 

 in appreciation of the men who extend the boundaries of knowledge, 

 and a word in favor of the encouragement of pure research. The in- 

 vestigators are necessarily somewhat removed from their fellows and, 

 therefore, often misunderstood. Theirs is a career of intense applica- 

 tion and sacrifice. Scientific knowledge is not advanced by happy 

 guesses in moments of inspiration, but only by continuous and well 

 directed effort. He who would wrest from nature her secrets must 

 prepare for the struggle by long training and must follow his calling 

 with intense devotion. Often must he forego the pleasure of social re- 

 laxation in order that the discoveries that he is nursing into being 

 may not suffer. When his work is reaching a climax he leads a lonely 

 existence. 



The spirit that still animates men of this type is that so long ago 

 exemplified by Agassiz. As Whipple says : 



