PEINCIPLES OF COLOR. 



33 



1. Black (lamp-black). 



2. White (Chinese white). 



3: Bed (madder- carmine or deep madder-lake + scarlet-ver- 

 milion). 1 



4. Orange (scarlet-vermilion + Schoenfeld's light cadmium). 



5. Yellow (Schoenfeld's light cadmium). 



6. Green (Schoenfeld's light cadmium + Italian ultramarine). 



7. Blue (Italian ultramarine). 



8. Purple (Italian ultramarine + madder-carmine). 



9. Gray (lamp-black + Chinese white). 

 10. Brown (red + green). 



With these ten elements ninety binary combinations 

 may be made, resulting in as many more or less distinct 

 colors, the number of which may be increased almost in- 

 definitely by varying the relative proportion of the com- 

 ponent parts. The following is a list of these combinations, 

 together with the names of the resultant colors : — 



11. 



Black 



12. 



5) 



13. 



)> 



14. 



V 



15. 



JJ 



16. 



}) 



17. 



M 



a. Modifications of Black. 



+ white = slate. 



+ red = seal-brown. 



+ orange = clove-brown. 



+ yellow == dark olive-green. 



+ green = greenish black. 



+ blue = bluish black ; indigo. 



+ purple = purplish black. 



1 In compounding a purple, the madder-red should be used, and not 

 vermilion, while in preparing an orange, the latter should be used and not 

 the former. These two reds are necessary, for the reason that they form 

 the nearest approach to a pure red among pigments that can be relied on 

 for permanence. Neither of them, however, will by itself serve all the 

 purposes for which a pure red is necessary, since a pure orange cannot be 

 made with the madder-reds, nor a purple with vermilion. Rose-carthame 

 or safflorroth (safflower-red) is of the requisite purity, but is said to lack 

 permanence. 



