364 Expedition to the 



a village of dirt lodges, upon Omawhaw creek, a small stream 

 entering the Missouri about two hundred miles above the 

 Council Bluff, but they have recently abandoned it, and are 

 about building a town on Elk Horn river. Their number of 

 souls is about fifteen hundred. 



The Poncahs have their residence in a small village of 

 dirt lodges, about one hundred and eighty miles above 

 Omawhaw creek. This tribe have a common origin with the 

 Omawhaws, and speak the same language. Their principal 

 chief is called Smoke Maker. Their number is about two 

 hundred souls. 



The tribes above enumerated, evidently sprung from the 

 same common stock, the language of all being radicallv the 

 same. They have a tradition that their fathers came from 

 beyond the lakes. 



The Pawnees are a race of Indians distinct from the pre- 

 ceding, their language differing radically from that of the 

 Indians alluded to. The Pawnees consist of three distinct 

 bands, that have their residence at present, on a branch of 

 the river Platte, called the Loup Fork, about sixty miles 

 from the mouth of the latter, and between one hundred and 

 eight, and one hundred and fifteen miles westward from the 

 Council Bluff. The three bands are distinguished by the 

 appellations of the Grand, the Republican, and the Loup 

 Pawnees. The two former acknowledge a common origin, 

 but the latter deny having any natural afllinity with them, 

 though their habits, language. &c. indicate the same ancestry. 

 They live in three villages, included v/ithin an extent of 

 about seven miles, on the north bank of the Loup Fork, all 

 compactly built. 



The village of the Grand Pawnees, is situated immediately 

 on the bank of the river, and contains about one hundred and 

 eighty earthen lodges, nine hundred'families, or three thou- 

 sand five hundred souls. The name of the principal chief of 

 this village, is Tarrarecawaho, or Long Hair. 



The village of the Republican Pawnees, is situated about 

 three miles above that of the Grand Pawnees — contains about 

 fifty lodges, two hundred and fifty families, or one thousand 

 souls. The name of their principal chief is Fool Robe, who 

 is very much under the influence of Long Hair. This band 

 separated many years since from the Grand Pawnees, and 

 established themselves upon the Republican Fork of the 

 Konzas river, where they were visited by Pike, on his tour 

 westward. They seem to be gradually amalgamating with 

 the parent stock, and their village wears a declining aspect. 



