60 GENESIS OF MAN. 



guish man from the Orang, Gorilla or Chimpanzee, are not as great 

 as those which distinguish these latter from the lower Catarrhinae 

 (Cynocephaltis, Makako, Cercopilhecus). Therefore, as Haeckel 

 remarks, it is incorrect to say that man has descended from the 

 apes; he is himself an ape, and belongs as strictly to the Catarrhine 

 group as the Gorilla or the Orang-outang ! He therefore estab- 

 lishes another family within that group, together with the Anthro- 

 poides, which he calls the Erccti or Anthropi. This family he 

 divides into two genera, the first embracing the now extinct ances- 

 tor of the human race, the Pithccantliropus or ape-man, which 

 therefore forms the twenty-first genealogical stage, and the second 

 being the genus Homo, or man as we find him, forming the twenty- 

 second and last stage in his development from the moner. 



Three anatomical distinctions of any importance are all that 

 exist to separate the two families Anthropoides and Anthropi. One 

 is the more erect posture of the latter — a difference of degree, 

 however, which varies both with the apes and with men. The 

 second is the higher brain development of the latter, which is also 

 only a quantitative distinction. The third and only distinction 

 which can be called qualitative, is the differentiation in the An- 

 thropi of the larynx into an organ of speech. And not even this 

 much can now be fairly said, since it is found that the larynx of 

 monkeys exhibits a much higher state of development than that 

 of other animals. 111 Haeckel, however, regards Pithecanthropus as 

 a speechless man, having the erect posture and differentiated brain, 

 but who had not yet acquired the power of articulate language, or 

 the necessary organs for its utterance. For this reason he offers 

 also a synonym for his name Pithccantliropus, the equally appro- 

 priate one, Alalus, the speechless. This, however, is only theory. 

 In point of fact, the ereftt posture, size and quality of brain, forma- 

 tion of vocal cords, and the origin of articulate speech, must have 

 all advanced pari passu, mutually promoting one another, and 

 developing by insensible degrees, according to the universal 

 method of all nature. 



To the various races of men as recognized by ethnologists, 

 Haeckel, in harmony with his general system, gives the rank of 

 species of the genus Homo. All definitions of the term species 



10 Emile Blanchard, " Voice in Man and Animals," in Popular Science Monthly, 

 September, 1876, page 519. 



