THE TUNNEL. 



199 



elastic, all these properties qualifying it for its object. I have 

 several of these paddles in my collection. They are much 

 prized by the natives, and are always stained in various 

 patterns with red and black dyes. 



In consequence of the use which is made of this tree, it goes 

 by the popular name of " paddle-wood." 



The Tunnel used as a Passage. 



As to this division of the subject, I have not been quite sure 

 where it should be placed, but think the present position a 

 tolerably appropriate one. 



\Ve have already, in the igloo of the Esquimaux and the 

 winter dwelling of the seal, found examples of the Tunnel 



TUNNEL OF ANOSMA. 



PBOLAS. 



SHIP-WORM. 



RAILWAY TUNNEL. 



when used as an appendage to the houses and a means of 

 security. We now come to the Tunnel as affording the means 

 of locomotion. 



Take, for example, our own railway system. Had it not 

 been for the power of tunnelling, the railway would have lost 

 nearly its value, for it would have been restricted to local dis- 

 tricts, and could not have penetrated, as it now does, to all 

 parts of the country, without reference to hill, dale, or level 

 ground. Our present system of engineering has wonderfully 

 developed the capability of tunnelling. In former times it was 



