L. F. Ward — Fossil Cycads in the Yale Museum. 335 



rounded, 30-40 ram wide, 20-25 mm high ; leaf bases present, 

 usually l-3 cm below the surface, sometimes filling the scars or 

 even projecting, soft, porous or spongy in structure ; vascular 

 bundles occasionally visible in a row some distance from the 

 margin, appearing either as depressions or elevations ; walls 

 5-8 mtn thick, very distinct, lighter colored than the leaf bases, 

 smooth but more or less grooved on the surface, sometimes 

 divided by a commissure in two plates; reproductive organs 

 numerous and well developed, sometimes tending to arrange 

 themselves in vertical rows, raised above the surface, usually 

 large, 4x7 om , or even 6X9 cm in diameter, surrounded by numer- 

 ous subtriangular bract scars covering much of the surface, 

 the central portion relatively small, usually solid and amor- 

 phous, of a spongy consistency ; armor 7-8 0m thick, obscurely 

 attached to the axis; woody zone 5-8 cm thick, showing 2 or 3 

 rings ; cortical parenchyma 3 0m thick ; fibrous zone 3-5 cm thick, 

 in one specimen consisting of two rings, the outer 12 mm thick, 

 showing both longitudinal and radiate structure, the inner 8 cm 

 thick, apparently subdivided into three subordinate rings ; 

 medulla 10 om or more in diameter, of a homogenous structure, 

 usually decayed at the base. 



This fine species is represented in the Yale collection by 

 5 specimens, the numbers of which, with their weights and 

 state of preservation, are as follows : 



No. 137, 48'35 kilograms, nearly complete. 

 No. 146, 45-36 " " " 



No. 147, 39-90 " a hemisphere. 



No. 218, 56-12 " nearly complete. 



No. 717, 975 " incomplete. 



Nos. 137 and 146 must have grown close together, as each 

 has a flattened area near the base, and these two surfaces 

 exactly fit together. They are, however, covered by the 

 appressed leaf scars and had no organic attachment. More- 

 over, each has its own independent base and axis, and there is 

 no proof that they were connected otherwise than mechani- 

 cally. No. 147 also has some similar flattened areas, and it 

 seems to have been the habit of this species to grow in clumps 

 or clusters. 



Its nearest affinities are with C. McBridei, but it differs in 

 its globular, symmetrical form, in the more open scars, and in 

 their smooth well-defined walls, also in the finer structure. 

 Its next nearest relationship is with C. Wellsii, but it lacks 

 the thick walls and most of the other essential features of that 

 species. 



AH the specimens are from the Minnekahta region. 



On Plate III may be seen side views of Nos. 137 and 146, 

 showing also the terminal bud. 



