Geology and Natural History. 469 



IT. S. National Museum, but also includes a revision of all pre- 

 viously described species. The author recognizes 345 species 

 (137 renamed or new) distributed in 169 genera (109 new). All 

 this material is properly located in the geological formations by 

 Mr. David White, on pages 664-668, and the horizons are cor- 

 related with standard European sections. 



The horizontal distribution leads Handlirsch to the following 

 conclusions : " Nearly all the orders occurring in America have 

 likewise been already recognized in analogous European beds ; 

 in like manner almost all the families rich in forms have been 

 identified in both parts of the world. In such groups as first 

 exist in single individuals, no sort of conclusion as to their actual 

 horizontal distribution can obviously be drawn, and it conse- 

 quently follows that there is a striking agreement in the 

 Paleozoic fauna in both continents. Only one order (Blattoidea) 

 represented in the Paleozoic of America extends over into the 

 Mesozoic, with two families, while all other orders are replaced 

 in the younger formations by those more highly specialized. 



"Moreover, from a percentile comparison of the number of 

 forms represented in the single orders in the various formations 

 of the Paleozoic, it follows that the Palaeodictyoptera, which on 

 morphological grounds I consider the stem group of all winged 

 insects, appear first and decrease from the oldest beds to the 

 younger, while the more highly specialized orders (Prodonata, 

 Megasecoptera, Hadentomoidea, Hapalopteroidea, Mixotermitoi- 

 dea, Protorthoptera, and Protoblattoidea), which I regard as 

 connecting links between the Palaeodictyoptera and modern 

 insect groups, and which may be designated transitional groups, 

 appear later than their conjectural ancestors, attain their maxi- 

 mum in the middle beds, and with the close of the Paleozoic 

 again vanish. It follows finally that the single modern order, 

 thus far found in the American Paleozoic, the Blattoidea, first 

 makes its appearance toward the middle of this period and con- 

 tinues with progressive increase to the close." c. s. 



3. A Study of the James Types of Ordovician and Silurian 

 JBryozoa ; by Rat S. Bassler. Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., xxx, 

 1906, pp. 1-66, pis. 1-7. — Many of the Bryozoa described by the 

 Jameses, father and son, have long remained in an obscure con- 

 dition. The types now in the Walker Museum of the University 

 of Chicago have been restudied by Bassler and adjusted to 

 modern requirements. Of the 77 species described by James and 

 James 44 are recognized, 32 are rejected, and 1 is a sponge. 



c. s. 



4. Notes and Descriptions of Tipper Carboniferous Genera 

 and Species [of Ostracoda] ; by E. O. Ulrioh and R. S. Bass- 

 ler. Proc. U". S. Nat. Mus., xxx, 1906, pp. 149-164, pi. 11. — 

 The new genus Paraparchites (1 species) is described; also new 

 and old forms of the following genera : Beyrichia ? (2), Beyrich- 

 iella (3), Kirkbya (2), Cythere? (1), Bairdia (2), Cypridina (1). 



5. The Osteology of Protostega ; by G. R. Wieland. Mem. 

 Carnegie Mus., Pittsburg, Pa., ii, 1906, pp. 279-298, text-figs., and 



