Obituary. 481 



strong feelings and of unusually wide interests. The department 

 of geology at Harvard flourished under his leadership, increasing 

 greatly in number of teachers, subjects taught, students enrolled 

 and equipment. The department of mining and metallurgy 

 was developed under his initiative. The Scientific School was 

 rehabilitated by his vigilant care as dean, and at the time of his 

 death he saw the beginning of a consummation to which he had 

 long looked forward : the establishment of a Graduate School of 

 Applied Science at Harvard under the endowment of his long- 

 time friend, Gordon Mackay. Shaler was director of the Ken- 

 tucky Geological Survey from 1872 to 1879, geologist of the 

 U. S. Geological Survey for a number of years, president of the 

 Geological Society of America in 1895 ; he was frequently con- 

 sulted on mining enterprises in the South and West, and was 

 a member of Topographical Survey, Highway and Gipsy Moth 

 commissions of Massachusetts. His writings covered many 

 phases of geology, the brachiopods of the Ohio Valley, the 

 caverns of Kentucky, glacial phenomena in New England, the 

 structure. of the Narragansett basin, the features of sea coasts, 

 the face of the moon. In recent years, his thoughts turned 

 towards social problems, as illustrated in three volumes, The 

 Individual, The Citizen, and The Neighbor, and he found enter- 

 tainment in writing on the Elizabethan period in blank verse. 

 His death was caused by pneumonia following an operation for 

 appendicitis ; it came upon him suddenly in the midst of work, 

 his last official act being the preparation of a circular announcing 

 the establishment of the new Graduate School of Applied Science 

 and the associated changes in the administration of scientific work 

 at Harvard. w. m. d. 



Israel Cook Russell, Professor of Geology in the University 

 of Michigan, died May 1st, in the 55th year of his age. His death 

 coming in the middle of a busy life, is a blow, not only to the uni- 

 versity which he had actively and efficiently served since his appoint- 

 ment in 1892, but to the science in this country which during many 

 years he had so materially promoted by his work and publications. 

 He was educated at New York University and Columbia College 

 and soon became connected with the Government surveys of the 

 West. His investigations of former Lake Lahontan, like those of 

 Gilbert's Bonneville, produced results which have become classic 

 in geologic literature. His explorations in Alaska and in the 

 extreme northwestern states contributed knowledge of great 

 interest and importance from little known regions, and laid the 

 way for detailed investigations of the future. His interests tended 

 largely to the physiographic side of geology, and his volumes, 

 written in a popular way for instruction, on the volcanoes, glaciers, 

 rivers and lakes of North America, have had a host of readers 

 and have stimulated interest in geologic science. He also made 

 the Triassic deposits of the east a field of special study, and his 

 volume on the Newai'k formation is a standard work of reference 

 on this subject. His genial disposition endeared him to all who 

 knew him and he will be mourned by many friends. l. v. p. 



