294 I). F. Lincoln — Glaciation in the 



with well-marked drumlin-outlines sink and broaden south- 

 wardly into plains of till. Some, however, are well-defined at 

 both ends, and in length fall within one-half or two-thirds of a 

 mile. Johnson states that the best developed ones run two or 

 three miles, and reach the height of 100-200 feet above the 

 plain ; that they are highest and longest chiefly just south of 

 the Niagara escarpment, though there are a few very high 

 ones more to the south. 



Measurements of a few of the steeper ones (kindly com- 

 municated by Mr. George EL. Barton) show the inclination of 

 the sides to be about 23°, and only exceptionally 25°. 



The material of these hills is a till, possessing the usual 

 characteristics — unless a tendency to the formation of very 

 deep gullies (5-15 feet deep) on the sides be considered excep- 

 tional. Some are covered very thickly with good-sized trav- 

 eled stones ; some with sand or gravel of varying depth. In 

 the neighborhood of Rochester are some of which the nucleus 

 is sand, till forming the upper part. Considerable kame-de- 

 posits are associated with the drumlin-belt at some points, and 

 near Rochester a portion of the moraine traverses it. 



The writer's personal study of this region is limited to five 

 localities, and the above statements are in part drawn from 

 other sources. An excellent cursory view can be had from 

 the car windows as the traveler passes east from Rochester on 

 the main line of the JST. T. Central R. R. via L^ons and Clyde 

 to Syracuse. 



This belt of large drumlins practically comes to an end at 

 the distance of twenty miles from Lake Ontario. Then come 

 low lands, partly sandy, partly marshy. Still farther south, 

 within the middle zone, the drumlin-formation is resumed, in 

 ridges of much smaller height, but in considerable numbers. 

 As this point has not met the writer's eye in print, attention is 

 here called to it, and some special observations are offered. 



Among the drumlins of the second range (in the middle belt) 

 there are some which resemble the typical " lenticular hill " of 

 New England. More, however, are of the ridge variety. And 

 of the latter there are many grades, from the very well marked 

 ridge with rather steep banks to very low ridges which are 

 often so low and flat as to simulate terraces. The face of this 

 part of the country is laid out in shallow grooves, often pro- 

 ducing the strong impression of " fluting." 



An instructive group of these ridges occurs in and around 

 the town of Geneva. They are very nearly parallel, their axes 

 lying between 10° and 15° west of north. The easternmost 

 skirts the lake, and is somewhat eroded by the waters, display- 

 ing sections of till, with limited beds of blue clay and " quick- 

 sand." Its crest, on which Main street is built, reaches a height 



