H. Wood — Cretaceous of Northwestern Montana. 405 



east of Coal Creek canyon at the Emerson Tunnel, thirteen 

 seams being exposed in 150 feet. One seam measured 13-| 

 feet and the combined thickness of the different coal seams 

 equalled 42 feet. 



No fossils* were observed in the series nor intercalated 

 traps, ash beds or agglomerates, as noted by Dawson.f 



Ten miles northwest of Coal Creek and four miles north of 

 the Cambrian range, a heavy conglomerate of red and green 

 quartzite pebbles (presumably of Cambrian origin) was found. 

 These heavy conglomerates are described by Dawson as occur- 

 ring at Crow's Nest, Kootanie Passes, and other places — the 

 volcanic horizon occurring apparently above this. My detour 

 did not extend to the boundary, but eight or ten miles south of it. 

 It is not improbable that the upper portions of the series might 

 be found near the line. My observations extended over four- 

 teen miles along the strike of the rocks, and 1 found that the 

 margin of the fold swings from 12° S. of west at the Emer- 

 son Tunnel, through all intermediate variations to 25° north of 

 west, this latter observation being taken 14 miles northwest of 

 the first. This last strike was taken four miles north of the 

 Cambrian, and suggested the assumption of some intervening 

 formations between this and the Cambrian, possibly Devonian. ;{; 

 A large number of dips taken throughout the series, gave a 

 gradual variation from 51° E.N.E. to 8° E.N.E. Across the 

 strike of two miles or a little less, a rapid change in dip was 

 noted at the Emerson Tunnel, two miles southeast of Coal 

 Creek. The tunnel is 102 feet in length and gave a variation 

 from back to front of ten degrees — 51° to 41° northeast. The 

 presence of the conglomerate, the absence of any evidences of 

 volcanic action, as well as fossils, the relative position in the 

 series of the clays, shales, and sandstones, with a basal coal 

 productive series, as well as the thickness of the whole, seems 

 to correlate these beds with Dawson's series observed at North 

 Kootanie, § making this region identical with the Crow's Nest 

 valley. The latter beds, however, seem to display a greater 

 variety of fossiliferous forms. 



It may be said here that the Bozeman, Cinnabar and Rocky 

 Fork Fields|| are of Laramie age, while the Sand Coulee is 

 lower in the geological horizon. 



The coal is a lignite, exhibiting no changed condition result- 

 ing from crushing or violent metamorphic action as shown by 



* One fossil plant form was found in a heavily bedded series of sandy clays 30 

 feet in thickness, 10 miles west of Coal Creek. 



f Dawson: Report 1886, pp. 57, 59. 



\ The Report of '86, Can. Geol. Survey, shows the Devonian as crossing the 

 boundary on the west side of the Flathead River. 



§ Dawson: Report 1886, pp. 64, 69. 



|| Weed: Engineering and Mining Journal. 



