4-06 R. T. Hill — Deep Artesian Boring in Texas. 



the Elk River,* Crows' JSTest,f Cascade coal, these being semi- 

 bituminous and anthracitic in character. In these latter in- 

 stances the flexure is more complex and shows evidences of 

 great crushing and metamorphic action. The coal of Sand 

 Coulee and Bozeman and Rocky Fork,;}: is also bituminous in 

 character — the latter region having been subjected to volcanic 

 action, intercalated beds and dikes of eruptive rocks being a 

 feature, which indeed characterizes many sections of the Cre- 

 taceous in the west. The Cretaceous here has not been thus 

 disturbed, the coal being purely lignitic throughout, contain- 

 ing nodules or lumps of mineral resin, presumably succinite 

 or an allied mineral. The series has been subject to lateral 

 squeezing, folding and upheaval which turned the beds up 

 against the Cambrian on the south, and against the Rockies, 

 the Cambrian, Devonian and Sub-Carboniferous on the north. 

 No examination was made along the north side of the valley 

 for Cretaceous, but the evidence all affirms the supposition of 

 a simple synclinal fold,§ much the same as exhibited at the 

 North Kootanie Pass — the upheaval following at the close of 

 the Cretaceous period. The Cambrian has been subjected at 

 least to two periods of upheaval, if not more, the first being 

 Palaeozoic and the last as above mentioned. This is shown in 

 the position of the Cretaceous, one hundred miles south of 

 this resting unconformably on the greatly eroded, upturned 

 edges of the Cambrian, | where, however, the Cretaceous has 

 not been subjected to any flexure or folding, but to a slow 

 upheaval or movement of the crust which must have been 

 pretty general in its character. 



Art. LI. — The Deep Artesian Boring at Galveston, Texas / 

 by Robert T. Hill. 



An experimental well has recently been drilled for the city 

 of Galveston, Texas, to the depth of nearly three thousand 

 feet, the results of which are of great value to geologists 

 interested in the sedimentation of the Gulf of Mexico. 



Galveston is situated on one of the island sand bars that 

 mark the western border of the Gulf and nearly the entire 

 depth of the drill hole is below sea level. Hence the accom- 



* Dawson: Rep. 1886, p. 69. 

 f Ibid. : Mineral Wealth, Br. Columbia. 

 j W. H. Weed : Kng. and Min. Jour., May and June. 



§ Some evidences have been obtained from the descriptive topography of sur- 

 veyors of minor flexure. 



|| Provisionally given — may be Pre-Cambrian. 



