Phelps and Osborne — Esterification of Benzoic Acid. 41 



on the manometer — 15 mm —indicated that only benzoic ester 

 remained in the flask to be distilled. The ester was then dis- 

 tilled over by heating the 250 cm3 flask in a bath of sulphuric 

 acid and potassium sulphate at 140°-150°, and collected in the 

 100 em3 flask, which was cooled by allowing a current of cold 

 water to strike it constantly during distillation. The last 

 traces of ester left on the distilling flask were removed by 

 flaming the flask and at the same time increasing the current 

 of air that was passing through the apparatus. The increase 

 in weight of the receiver gave the weight of the benzoic ester 

 in the flask in which esterification took place. 











Table I. 

















A 







Benzoic ester 





1 ?£iki rrr\t n 



Alfnhol ««ri+li TTm 



Eeaction 





_^_ 







. -, 



-£XiU<Ji±L 



. 



Theory 

 grm. 



TTnn n c\ 





No. 



grm. 



cm 3 



per cent 



hr. 



mi. 



grm. per cent 



1) 



50 



300 



. 



3 





61-48 



trace 





2) 



50 



200 



1-25 



3 



30 



61-48 



50-88 



82-8 



3) 



50 



200 



1-25 



4 





61-48 



51-53 



83-8 



4) 



50 



200 



10 



3 





6148 



52-60 



85-9 



5) 



50 



200 



25 



3 





61-48 



47-12 



76-6 



6) 



50 



200 

 200 



1-25 

 1-25 



B 



1 

 1 



30 



61-48 



43-80 



71-2 



7) 



50 



200 



200 



1-25 

 1*25 



2 

 2 





61-48 



48"78 



79-3 



3) 



50 



200 

 200 



1-25 

 1-25 



2 



2 



30 

 30 



61-48 



49-70 



80-8 



9) 



50 



200 

 200 



10 



10 



1 



2 





61-48 



52-17 



849 



10) 



50 



200 

 200 



10 



10 



1 



2 





61-48 



52-48 



85-4 



11) 



50 



200 

 200 



10 

 10 



1 



3 



30 



61-48 



52-89 



86-2 



12) 



50 



200 

 200 



10 

 10 



2 

 3 



10 

 30 



6T48 



54-85 



89-2 



13) 



50 



200 

 200 



200 



25 

 25 

 10 



2 

 2 



2 



30 

 30 



61-48 



54-S9 



89-3 



14) 



50 . 



200 

 200 

 200 



10 

 10 



25 



1 



2 

 2 



30 

 30 



61-48 



55-34 



90-0 



15) 



50 



200 

 200 



25 

 25 



3 

 5 



30 



61-48 



55*57 



90-4 



To learn whether any traces of benzoic ester had been car- 

 ried along with the alcoholic vapors to the condenser during 



