APPENDIX 



Art. XLVII. — Restoration of Elotherium ; by O. C. Marsh. 

 (With Plate IX.) 



The genus Elotherium, established by Porael in 1847, rep- 

 resents a family of extinct mammals, all of much interest. 

 They were first found in Europe, but now are known in the 

 Miocene of North America, not only on the Atlantic coast, 

 but especially in the Rocky Mountain region, and still further 

 west. This family includes several genera, or subgenera, and 

 quite a number of species, some of which contain individuals 

 of large size, only surpassed in bulk among their contempora- 

 ries by members of the Rhinoceros family, and of the huge 

 Brontotheriolm. 



Remains of this group have thus been known for nearly 

 half a century, yet, until recently, comparatively little had 

 been determined with certainty regarding the skeleton, or of 

 the skull except the dentition, although Aymard, Leidy, 

 Kowalevsky, and others, have made interesting contributions to 

 the subject. In a late paper,* the writer gave figures of a 

 finely preserved skull, and also of a fore and hind foot, of one 

 of the largest species, Elotherium crassum, Marsh, and in the 

 present article an attempt is made to restore the entire skele- 

 ton of this animal, to serve as a typical example of the group. 



The restoration, one-twelfth natural size, given on Plate IX, 

 represents a fully adult individual, which, when alive, was 

 more than seven feet in length and about four feet in height. 

 The basis of this restoration is the type specimen of Elothe- 

 rium crassum, which was found by the writer in 1870, in the 

 Miocene beds of northeastern Colorado, and described in 1873.f 

 A number of other specimens since obtained in the same 

 region, and still others from essentially the same horizon in 

 South Dakota, all evidently pertaining to this species, were 

 likewise used in the restoration. 



* This Journal, vol. xlvi, p. 408, plate viii, November, 1893. 

 f Ibid., vol. v, p. 487, June, 181:-!. 



