DARWINISM AND EVOLUTION. 25 



though it is well known that the adult animal has not a tooth in 

 its head. So molluscs that in the perfect state are naked, often 

 possess a shell while they are in the egg, where, clearly, it can be 

 of no service to the embryo. It is a manifest mark of Descent. 



HUMAN EVOLUTION. 



Tf we were to go over a palace, under the impression that it 

 -*- had been recently planned and built, we should expect to find, 

 from the foundations to the roof, a harmony between the design 

 and the structure ; and assuredly we should be surprised to 

 discover that the architect had first used his materials to build a 

 hut ; then, that having pulled portions down, he had rebuilt them 

 into a cottage ; and then, that having added storey to storey and 

 room to room, not with any reference to a palace, but wholly with 

 reference to the way in which houses were built in ancient times, 

 he had at last, in the completed structure, left here and there 

 portions of the old hut and remnants of the dismantled cottage. 



On going over a castle we are often able, by making similar 

 discoveries, to gather a good deal of its history ; to point out that 

 formerly the edifice was much smaller; that at some previous 

 time a bastion had been built out, a doorway closed up, or a moat 

 filled in ; that its defences, which at a certain period were adapted 

 to one kind of warfare, had been subsequently modified to suit 

 another. In short, an archaeologist would soon be able to 

 establish the fact that the structure was not raised in one genera- 

 tion from one design, but contained within itself the evidence of 

 a progressive evolution and adaptation through many centuries. 

 Nor would it alter our convictions to find that Parallax believed 

 that it was built last week ; or that our courageous priest, were he 

 still alive, was of opinion that the closed-up doorway and the 

 filled-in moat were by no means marks of antiquity and evolution, 

 but were proofs of the inscrutable wisdom of the architect's 

 original design, and were altogether past comprehension by 

 modern minds. 



The germ-cell of the human egg, which is only ^th of an inch 

 in length, resembles the adult form of an amoeba or of a proto- 

 coccus. 



