ANCESTRAL MAN. 3 1 



Gothic, ais, brass. 

 0. H.G., 'er, brass. 

 A. S., dr, cer, ore, brass. 

 aruive, arrow. 

 iren, isen, iron. 

 German, eisen, iron. 

 Another class of words, connected with the root SKA to cut, 

 again reveals the original material of cutting instruments. 

 German, kiesel, a pebble. 

 A. S., ceosel, gravel. 

 Fr. dseau, \ 



O. F., cisel, > a cutting instrument. 

 English, chisel, ) 

 With the root SAK to cut, we may connect the following : 

 Sanskrit, sah, strong. 



sahas, strength. 

 Latin, saxum, a stone. 



secure, sectum, to cut. 

 sagitta, an arrow. 

 A.S. — premising that ancient roots are often found in 

 personal names — 

 Seaxburg, stone of defence ; the name of a 



queen in 618. 

 scex, a knife. 



seax, a short sword, from the use of which our 

 ancestors may have been called Saxons. 

 But the most interesting class of words, for our purpose, as well 

 as the most numerous, is that connected with the root SKAR or 

 SKAL, to cut. There is a well known mutation between the 

 consonants r and I ; an interchange that is common and inevitable. 

 Thus, the Latins had two verbs verro and vello, both signifying the 

 same thing, to tear up. Our " star," from the A.S. steorra, and 

 our " constellation " from the Lat. s fella, both come down to us 

 from the Sans, stri, to strew — as the orbs of heaven seem strewn 

 over the firmament. And in Doomsday Book, to come nearer 

 home, Warrington was spelled Walintune. 



In connection with the roots just mentioned, we get, in Sanskrit, 

 Khala, a mill ; a threshing-floor. Of course it will be 

 recollected that grain was originally crushed 

 between stones. Indeed, from this root come 

 our words quern, corn, and grain. 

 Khalla, a mill ; a stone for grinding drugs — a ceremo- 

 nial use. 

 In Greek, Kapeiv, to cut. 

 Celt, careg, a rock. 

 A. S. gar, \ 



as. ;^;} as P ear - 



