CONTENTS. XI 



III. MESOZOIC TIME — (continued). page 



2. Foreign 423 



3. General Observations 429 



2. Jurassic Period .431 



1. American 431 



2. Foreign 433 



3. General Observations « 450 



4. Disturbances closing the Jurassic Period .... 452 



3. Cretaceous Period 453 



1. American . 454 



2. Foreign 469 



3. General Observations 477 



4. General Observations on the Mesozoic Age .... 481 



5. Disturbances closing Mesozoic Time ...... 487 



IY. CEXOZOIC TIME . • 488 



I. The Tertiary, or Mammalian Age ...... 489 



1. American 490 



2. Foreign 512 



3. General Observations 520 



II. Quaternary Age, and Era of Man 527 



1. Glacial Period .527 



2. Champlain Period 542 



3. Eecent Period 55G 



4. Life of the Early and Middle Quaternary ..... 5G3 



5. Modern Era 579 



III. General Observations on the Cenozoic ...... 585 



1. Time-Ratios 585 



2. Geography 586 



3. Life 588 



V. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON GEOLOGICAL HISTORY . . 590 



1. Length of Geological Time 590 



2. Geographical Progress 591 



3. Progress of Life 592 



PART IY. — Dynamical Geology. 



General Subdivisions 605 



I. Life .606 



1 . Protective Effects 606 



2. Transporting Effects 607 



3. Destructive Effects 607 



4. Contributions to Rock Formations 608 



II. Cohesive and Capillary Attraction — Gravitation . . . 627 



III. The Atmosphere 630 



IY. Water 635 



1. Fresh Waters 636 



A. Superficial Waters — Rivers and Smaller Lakes . . . . 636 



1. Erosion 641 



2. Transportation; Deposition 653 



B. Subterranean Waters 663 



