TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTBODUCTION. 



PAGE 



Relations of the Science of Geology . . « . 1 



Subdivisions of Geology 7 



PAET I. — Physiographic Geology. 



1. The Earth's General Contour and Surface-subdivisions 9 



2. System in the Reliefs of the Land 23 



3. System in the Courses of the Earth's Feature-lines 29 



4. System of Oceanic Movements and Temperature 38 



5. Atmospheric Currents and Temperature . . . ... .43 



6. Distribution of Forest-regions, Prairies, and Deserts 44 



PAET II. -Lithological Geology. 



I. Constitution of Rocks 47 



1. Elements constituting Rocks 48 



2. Minerals constituting Rocks . . . . , . ... .52 



3. Kinds of Rocks 62 



II. Condition, Structure, and Arrangement of Rock-Masses ... 79 



1. Stratified Condition : Structure and Arrangement of Strata ... 79 



2. Unstratified Condition — Veins — Dikes 107 



BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SYSTEM OF LIFE ,114 



1. General Considerations 114 



2. Animal Kingdom 116 



3. Vegetable Kingdom 133 



PAET HI.— Historical Geology, 



General Divisions in the History . 136 



I. ARCHAEAN TIME . 146 



1. Laurentian Period 151 



2. Huronian Period ............ » 159 



3. General Conclusions ......... . 160 



