190 



PALEOZOIC TIME. 





2. Quebec Epoch. 



Over two hundred and twenty species of fossils have been observed by Mr. Billings 

 in the rocks of the Quebec group; twelve of them are also Calciferous species, and five 

 Chazy. 



1. Protozoans Sponges. Calathium (?) pannosum B., C. Anstedi B. (?), both 



from Point Lexis and Newfoundland. Trachium cyathif'orme B., from Newfoundland. 

 The genus Calathium commences in the Calciferous. Stromatopora compacta B. and 

 S. rugosa H. 



2. Radiates. — a. Acalephs; Stenopora fibrosa Goldf. Graptolites. Figs. 283-285 

 represent the Graptolithus Logani H., showing, in Fig. 283, the centre of the group, and 

 the furcating mode of branching; in Fig. 284, a portion of a branchlet, and 285, same 

 enlarged. Figs. 286 and 287 are of a leaf-shaped species, the Phyllograptus typus H. 

 Fig. 288 represents a form common on the graptolitic shales, which Prof. Hall, to whose 

 investigations we owe our knowledge of the Quebec graptolites, regards as a young 

 graptolite. b. Echinoderms. The Star-fish, Stenaster Huxleyi B., from Newfound- 

 land. Portions of crinoidal columns. 



3. Mollusks — Nearly a hundred species of Mollusks have been described, twenty- 

 eight of which are Brachiopods, forty-two Gasteropods, twenty Cephalopods and only 

 three Lamellibranchs. Among the Brachiopods, besides many species of Linyula and 

 Orthis, there are others of Obolella, Biscina, Camerella, Leptama, Strophomena, Rhyn- 

 chonetta, Stricklandinia, Acrotreta. Among the Lamellibranchs are the Conocardium 

 (or Euchasma) Blumenbachii B., Eopteria typica B. (near Pterinea in form), Ctenodonta 

 Angela B. 



4. Articulates. — Over a hundred species of Trilobites have been described, and 

 nearly all by Billings. Of the genera, as he observes, Agnostus, Amphion, Bathyurus, 

 Conocoryphe, Dicellocephalus, Menocephalus, Crepicephalus, Ptychaspis and Bathynotus 

 (very close to Ptychaspis) occur also in the Primordial. Besides these, there are the 

 genera Bathyurellus and Loganellus (Primordial in type); also Ampyx, Ceraurus, Ear* 

 pides, Harpes, Nileus, Remopleurides, Shumardia, Illcsnus, Asaphus. The Levis formation 

 contains four Calciferous species, viz., Bathyurus Cordai B., B. conicus B., Amphion 

 Salteri B., Asaphus canalls B. ; two Chazy species Ceraurus (Cheirurus) prolificus B. 

 and Asaphus canalis. 



Figs. 299, 300 represent Bathyurus Saffordi B., a common species in Canada, and 

 occurring also in Newfoundland and Idaho — 299, the glabella, 300, the pygidium; 301 

 Bathyurellus nitidus B., from Cow Head, Newfoundland; 302, pygidium of Amphion 

 Barrandei B., id. 



Only one trilobite {Asaphus platycephalus Stokes) of the Quebec group occurs in the 

 Trenton, and this is doubtfully determined (Billings). 



A part of the "Quebec group" of Newfoundland, called Upper Calciferous by 

 Logan, contains the Ostracoids, Leperditia concinnula B., L. ventralis B., Beyrichia 

 Atlantica B. 



3. Chazy Epoch. 



1- Protozoans. — Sponges. — Eospongia Rcemeri and E. varians B. occur at the 

 Mingan Islands. Many undescribed species, of several genera, including Receptaculites, 

 occur in East Tennessee (Bradley). 



2. Radiates. — (a.) Polyps. — Species of Columnaria have been described, (b.) 

 Acalephs. — Stenopora fibrosa of Goldf uss. 



(c.) Echinoderms. — The Crinoids include as many known Cystids as Crinids. The 

 following are a few of them: (1.) Crinids. — Palaiocrinus striatus (Fig. 304), the body, 

 showing the radiating ambulacral grooves (five) at top; Blastoidocrinus carcharuedens 

 B., — the genus apparently of the Pentremite family, a family which makes its next 

 appearance near the top of the Upper Silurian, and abounds in the Subcarboniferous. — 

 12.) Cystids. — Malocystites Murchisoni B. (Fig. 305), the body nearly spherical (whence 



