284 



PALEOZOIC TIME. 



inence. Goniatites also (a genus of Cephalopods) was a new type, 

 and became well represented before the close of the age. Another 

 genus, Glymenia (Fig. 562), was represented by many species in the 

 Upper Devonian. 



The sub-kingdom of Vertebrates included numerous fishes of the 

 orders of Selachians and Ganoids, as in America. A few are repre- 

 sented, of reduced size, in Figs. 566-570. Figs. 566, 567 represent 

 two of the Placoderms — one that moved, unlike most fishes, by means 

 of side paddles ; and the other, one that sculled with its tail, in ordi- 

 nary piscatory style. 



Characteristic Species. 



1. Radiates. — Among Radiates, there were species of Pentremites, the earliest 

 in Europe of the group of Blastoid Crinoids. The Corals included Cyathophyllum 

 ccespitosum Goldf., Ileliolites porosa E. & H., Pleurodictyum problematicum Goldf., Aulo- 

 pora serpens Goldf. 



2. Mollusks Brachiopods included species of Orthis, Strophomena, Atrypa, 



Rhynchonella, Spirifer, Chonetes, etc.; besides Productus and Stringocephalus, which 

 are not known in Great Britain before the Devonian. 



Lamellibranchs were numerous, of the genera Avicula, Aviculopecten, Pterinea, Nti- 

 cula, Conocardium ; also of Area, Grammysia, Megalodon, etc. ; also Anodonta Juhesii, 

 a freshwater species. Fig. 241, p. 173, is the Calceola sandalina (so called from the 

 sandal-like shape of the shell). This genus characterizes the Calceola schist, which 

 underlies the great Devonian limestone of the Eifel. Gasteropods (all without beaks) of 

 the old genera MurcMsonia, Euomplialus, Pleurotomaria, Loxonema, Bellerophon, etc. 



Cephalopods. — Fig. 562 



retrorsus ; 563, Clymenia Sedgwickii 

 septa. 



a, dorsal view of 



There were others also of the new genus Porcellia, which is near Bellerophon, and 

 somewhat resembles an Ammonite in form, but has a deep dorsal slit in the aperture 

 cf the shell. 



Cephalopods include a few species of the Orthoceras family, — also Nautili, and 

 eeveral species of the new genus Goniatites, of the Ammonite family, and of another, 



