316 



PALEOZOIC TIME. 







Carbon 



Hydr. 



Ox. 



Nitr. 



Sulph. 



Ash. 



Analysts. 



1. 



Anthracite, Pennsylvania . . 



90-45 



2 43 



2-45 



- 



- 



4-67, 



Regnault. 



2. 



Anthracite, Pennsylvania . . 



92-59 



2-63 



1-61 



0-92 



- 



2-25, 



Percy. 



3. 



Anthracite, South Wales . . . 



92-56 



333 



2-53 



- 



_ 



1-58, 



Regnault. 



4. 



Caking Coal, Kentucky . . . 



74-45 



4-93 



13 08 



1-03 



0-91 



5-00, 



Peters. 



5. 



Caking Coal, Nelsonville, 0. . 



73-80 



5-79 



16-58 



1-52 



0-41 



1-90, 



Wormley. 



6. 



Caking Coal, South Wales . . 



82-56 



5-36 



8-22 



1-65 



0-75 



1-46, 



Noad. 



7. 



Caking Coal, Northumberland . 



78-69 



6-00 



10-07 



2-37 



1-51 



1-36, 



Tookey. 



8. 



Non-caking, Kentucky . . . 



77-89 



5-42 



12-57 



1-82 



3-00 



2-00, 



Peters. 



9. 



Non-caking, "Block Coal," Ind 



82-70 



4-77 



9-39 



1-62 



0-45 



1-07, 



Cox. 



10. 



Non-caking, Briar Hill, Ohio . 



78-94 



5-92 



11-50 



1-58 



56 



1-45, 



Wormley. 



11. 



Non-caking, S. Staffordshire . 



76-40 



4-62 



17-43 



- 



0-55 



1-55, 



Dick. 



12. 



Non caking, Scotland . . . 



76-08 



531 



13-33 



2-09 



1-23 



1-96, 



Rowney. 



13. 



Cannel Coal, Breckenridge . . 



68-13 



6-49 



5-83 



2-27 



2-48 



12-30, 



Peters. 



14. 



Cannel Coal, Wigan . . . . 



80-07 



5-53 



8-10 



2-12 



1-50 



2-70, 



Vaux. 



15. 



Cannel Coal, " Torbanite " . . 



64-02 



8-90 



5-66 



0-55 



0-50 



20-32 



Anderson. 



16. 



Albertite, Nova Scotia . . . 



86-04 



8-96 



1-97 



2-93 



trace 



0-10, 



Wetherill. 



17. 



Brown Coal, Bovey .... 



66-31 



5-63 



22 86 



0-57 



2.36 



2.27, 



Vaux. 



18. 



Brown Coal, Wittenberg . . . 



64-07 



5-03 



27-55 



- 



-' 



3-35, 



Baer. 



19. 



Peat, light brown (imperfect) . 



50-86 



5-80 



42-57 



0-77 



- 



- 



Websky. 



20. 



Peat, dark brown 



59-47 



6-52 



31-51 



2-51 





- 



Websky. 



21. 



Peat, black 



59-70 



5-70 



33-04 



1-56 



. - 



- 



Websky. 



22. 



Peat, black 



59-71 



5-27 



32-07 



2-59 



- 



- 



Websky. 



The Coal No. 4, from "Roberts' seam," Muhlenburg County, Kentucky, has sp. gr. 

 = 1-26; No. 9, from "Wolf Hill," Daviess County, Indiana, has sp. gr. =1-275. 



No. 13, the Breckenridge cannel, of Hancock County, Kentucky, consists, when the 

 ash is excluded, of carbon 82 36, hydrogen 7-84, oxygen 7*05, nitrogen 2*75; and the 

 Bog-head cannel of Scotland, called also torbanite, contains carbon 80-39, hydrogen 

 11-19, oxygen 7*11, nitrogen and sulphur 1*31. 



The "Mineral charcoal " differs little in composition from ordinary bituminous coal: 

 there is less hydrogen and oxygen. Rowney obtained, for that of Glasgow and Fife- 

 shire, Carbon 82.97, 74-71, hydrogen 3-34, 2*74, oxygen 7-59, 7-67, ash 6-08, 14-86. 

 The nitrogen is included with the oxygen; it was 75 in the Glasgow charcoal. Ex- 

 clusive of the ash, the composition is, Carbon 88-36, 87*78, hydrogen 3*56, 3-21, oxygen 

 and nitrogen 7*28, 9-01. 



The following are average results, from many analyses: — 





Nos. 



g Vol. 

 P' ° ' combust 



Fixed 

 Carbon 



Ash. 



Analysts. 



1. 



Pennsylvania anthracites .1 



1-59-1-61 



3-92 



89-77 



6.31 



Johnson. 





1-39-1-60 



5-70 



88-23 



6-07 



Geol. Survey. 



2. 



Pennsylvania semi-anthracites 11 



1-33-1-45 



9-98 



82-86 



7-16 



Geol. Survey. 



3. 



Pennsylvania semi-bituminous 6 



1-30-1-41 



16-85 



72-95 



10-20 



Johnson. 



4. 



Maryland semi-bituminous . 9 



1-30-1-43 



15-50 



74 03 



10-47 



1 Johnson & Ge 

 ! Survey. 

 Johnson. 



5. 



Pennsylvania bituminous . 10 



_ 



28-35 



65-18 



6-47 



6. 



Virginia bituminous ... 11 



1-29-1 -45 



29-88 



59-06 



11-06 



Johnson. 



7. 



Ohio bituminous .... 142 



1-24-1-47 



35-24 



60-26 



4-50 



Wormley. 



8. 



Indiana bituminous . . . 126 



1 19-1-41 



43-20 



53-47 



3-33 



Cox. 



9. 



Illinois bituminous ... . . 50 



1-21-1-35 



31-90 



62-44 



5-66 



Blaney. 



10. 



Iowa bituminous .... 59 



- 



- 



43-02 



6-82 



Emery. 



The ordinary impurities of coal, making up its ash, are silica, a little potash and soda, 

 and sometimes alumina, with often oxyd of iron, derived usually from sulphid of iron, 

 besides, in the less pure kinds, more or less clay or shale. The amount of ash does not 

 ordinarily exceed 6 per cent., but it is sometimes 30 per cent.; and rarely it is less than 

 2 per cent. There is present in most coal traces of sulphid of iron (pyrite), sufficient 



