CARBONIFEROUS AGE. 339 



fchodont Amphibians, or Labyrinthodonts. Morris, Illinois, has afforded 

 several specimens ; and one of them is represented, twice the natural 

 size, in Fig. 678. It had the elongated tail of a Salamander. The 

 orbits are very large, and the teeth numerous. The scales over the 

 body were not overlapping, and appear to have been most crowded 

 over the posterior part of the body. Other related species have been 

 detected among the remains at Linton, Ohio ; one is represented in 

 Fig. 679, and some of the vertebrae and ribs of another species, in 

 Fig. 680. The Coal-measures of Nova Scotia have afforded several 

 species of related kinds. One of them, Baphetes planiceps Owen, had 

 a skull seven inches broad. 



The locality at Morris, Illinois, from which so many of the species 

 above described — both Articulates and Vertebrates — were obtained, 

 abounds in iron-stone concretions of a flattened lenticular shape ; and 

 the specimens are contained within the concretions, each having served 

 as a nucleus, about which the concreting action went forward. The 

 figures of these Illinois species, with the exception of Figs. 668 A 

 and 669, are from Worthen's Geological Report of Illinois. 



In Nova Scotia, remains of several of the Amphibians have been 

 found at the Joggins, in the interior of Sigillaria stumps, which had 

 become partly hollowed out by decay and afterward filled by sand 

 and mud, in the marsh or forest where they stood, before their final 

 burial by the deposits that were increasing around them. Figure 614, 

 on page 312, represents a section of the part of the Coal-measures in 

 which the stump was found that gave up the first three species of 

 Amphibians. The discovery was made by Dawson and Lyell in 1851. 

 Along with mineral charcoal derived from the wood, and bones of 

 the Amphibians, there were taken from this stump more than fifty 

 shells of the land-snail Pupa vetusta (Fig. 658), and a Myriapod 



4. The Mus'isaurs (p. 465), on the contrary, although of large size (forty or more feet 

 long), had the teeth in sockets, four paddles, and the body covered with bony scutes. 



Besides these tribes, there are two extinct groups : — 



5. Enaliosauks (from eroAio?, marine, etc.), or Swimming Saurians. — (1) Furnished 

 with paddles for swimming; (2) having the vertebra? biconcave, — another fish-like 

 characteristic; (3) teeth large, and set in a groove. Ickthyosaur and Plesiosaur were 

 the most common genera. (See pp. 442, 443.) 



5. Pterosaurs (from nrepov, a wing, etc.), or Flying Saurians. — The most common 

 genus was Pterodactylus, p. 446. By the excessive elongation of the little finger of the 

 fore-feet, support was afforded to a membrane which extended to the tail, and made a 

 wing for flying. The remaining fingers were short, and furnished with claws. The 

 long, slender jaws were set with a large number of teeth in sockets. The bones were 

 hollow and light, as in Birds. They had the habits of Bats, and wings of a similar 

 character. But, in Bats, all the fingers of the hand but the thumb are elongated for the 

 purpose of the wing; and the thumb alone is used for clinging. 



Chelonians. — The Turtles, or Chelonians, are of two tribes: — 



1. The Sea-Turtles, —furnished with paddles, instead of feet. 



2. The Land-Turtles, — furnished with feet. 



