CRETACEOUS PERIOD. 467 



(b.) BracMopods. —Fig. 830, Terebratulina plicata; Fig. 831, Terebratula Harlani 

 Mort., from New Jersey; Lingula nitida M. & H., Nebraska; Rhynchonella Whitneyi 

 Gabb, Shasta group, California. 



(c.) Lamellibranchs. — Fig. 833, Ostrea larva Lam., found also in Europe; 0. con- 

 gesta Con., from Arkansas and Nebraska ; Ostrea malleiformis Gabb, Chico group, 

 California; Fig. 832, Exogyra arietina R., from Texas; Fig. 834, E. costata Say, from 

 the Cretaceous of the Atlantic and Gulf borders; E. parasitica, Gabb, Chico group, 

 Texas Flat, California; Fig. 835, Gryphcea vesicularis Lam., at nearly all North Ameri- 

 can localities, including the Californian, and also a European species; Fig. 836, G. 

 Pitcher i Mort., from Cretaceous region west of the Mississippi River ; Fig. 837, Ino- 

 ceramus problematicus Schloth., from west of the Mississippi, and also European. 

 Trigonia Tryoniana Gabb, Chico group, California. Among Rudistes, Radiolites 

 Austinensis R., a species five to six inches in diameter, from Alabama, Mississippi, and 

 Texas; Radiolites lamellosus Tuomey, from Alabama; Hippurites Texanus R., a species 

 eight inches long and four in diameter, from Texas; Caprotina Texana R., from 

 Texas. Haploscapha grandis Con. is supposed to be related to the Rudistes; one 

 Kansas specimen had a diameter of twenty-six inches; it is from the Niobrara group. 



(d.) Gasteropods. — Fig. 838, Pyrifusus Newberryi M. & H., from Nebraska; Fig. 

 839, Fasciolaria bucci/ioides M. ' & H., from Nebraska; Fig. 840, Anchura (Drepano- 

 cheilus) Americana M. (= Rostellana Americana Evans & Shumard), from Nebraska; 

 Fig. 841, Margarita NebrascensisM.. & H., from Nebraska; Fig. 842, Nermma Texana 

 R., from Texas; N. acus R., from Texas; Figs. 843a, 843 b, Bulla speciosa M. & H., 

 from Nebraska ; Margaritella angulata Gabb, Chico group, California. 



(e.) Cephalopods. — Nautilus Texanus Shum., Texas and California; Fig. 845, Am- 

 monites placenta Dekay, from Atlantic Border, Gulf Border, and Upper Missouri, young 

 specimen, natural size; Fig. 845 a, outline side view of the same, reduced; Fig. 845 b, 

 one of the septa of the same, natural size ; Ammonites Brewerii Gabb and A. Haydenii 

 Gabb, and others, from Shasta group, Cottonwood Creek, California; Fig. 846, Sca- 

 phites Conradi Mort., from the same localities as preceding; Fig. 847, S. larv&formis 

 M. & H., from Nebraska; Samites Vancouverensis Gabb, Chico group, Vancouver 

 Island; Fig. 848, Baculites ovatus Say, from New Jersey; Fig. 848 a, outline of section, 

 showing oval form; Fig. 849, outline of section of B. compressus Say, Upper Missouri; 

 Baculites Chicoensis Trask, California; B. inornalus M., Sucia Island, Gulf of Georgia; 

 Fig. 850, Nautilus Dekayi Mort., from the Atlantic and Gulf borders, and west of the 

 Mississippi from Texas to Upper Missouri, and also reported from Europe, Chili, and 

 Pondicherry in the East Indies. Fig. 844, Belemnitella mucronata Schloth., same U. S. 

 distribution as preceding, excepting the Upper Missouri region; Belemnites impressus 

 Gabb, Shasta group, California; Ancyloceras Remondii Gabb, Shasta group, California; 

 Turrilites Oregonensis Gabb, Chico group, Jacksonville, Oregon. 



4. Vertebrates. — (a.) Fishes. — Fig. 852, Otodus appendicular Ag., from New 

 Jersey. Figs. 853, 853 a, different views of a tooth of Ptychodus Mortoni (Cestraciont), 

 a species found in New Jersey. Pt. occidentalis L., from Kansas. Dipristis Meirsii 

 Mh., Enchodus semistriatus Mh.: also species of Lamna, Oxyrhina, etc.; Beryx in- 

 sculptus Cope, Edaphodon mirificus L., all from New Jersey. The Cretaceous of 

 Kansas has afforded Cope species of Portheus (one, Portheus molossus Cope, with a 

 head as long as in a full-grown grizzly bear, and some of the slender sharp teeth project- 

 ing three inches), Ichthyodectes, Saurocephalus, Cimolichthys, Enchodus. etc. 



(b.) Reptiles. — Among Dinosaurs, Hadrosaurus FoulkiiL., from New Jersey, twenty- 

 eight feet long; H. minor Mh., about half this in length, ibid.; H. agilis Mh., from 

 Kansas. Among Crocodilians, Hyposaurus Rogersi Owen, a Teleosaurian, it having 

 biconcave vertebrae; H.ferox Mh., with fluted teeth, from New Jersey; Thoracosaurus 

 Neoazsaiiensis Cope, New Jersey, form and size near the same in the Gavial of the 

 Ganges: Holops obscurus L., New Jersey; H. brevispinis Cope, New Jersey; Botto- 

 saurus Harlani Ag., from New Jersey, related to the American Alligator. Among 

 Enaliosaurs, Discosaurus carinatus L., near Fort Wallace, 300 miles west of Leaven- 

 worth; Polycotylus latipinnis Cope, Plesiosaur-like, eighteen feet long. Among Mosa- 



