TERTIARY AGE. 519 



obliquus Ag., Galeocerdo htidens Ag., Lamna elegans Ag. (126 out of the 193 species 

 occur also in the Calcaire Grossier in France.) Reptiles, Palcecphis typhceus Owen, 

 Gavialis JDixoni Owen, Crocodilus Hastingsios Owen; Mammals, Dichodon cuspidatus 

 Owen, Lophiodon minimus Cuv., Mici-ochcerus erinoceus Wood, Paloplotherium an- 

 nectens Owen. 



Upper Eocene of England. — (1.) Barton Series. — Mitra scabra Sow., Voluta am- 

 biyua Lam., Typhis punyeus Morr., Valuta ath let a Sow., Terebellum fusiforme Lam., 

 T. sopita Morr., Cardita sulcata Morr., Crassatella sidcata Sow., Nummulites variolarius 

 Morr. (variety of N. radiutus Sow.), Ckamn squamosa Brand. 



(2.) Headon Series. — Planorbis tuompkalus Sow., Helix labyrinthica Say, Neritina 

 concava Sow , Ldmncea caudata Edw., Cerithium concavum Desh. ; Lepidosteus ; Reptiles, 

 Emys, Trionyx; Mammals, Pakeotherium minus Cuv., Anoplotherium, Anthracothe- 

 rium, Dichodon, Dichobune, Spalacodon, Hyainodon (a dog-like Carnivore). 



(3.) Bembridge Series (120 feet thick). — Cyrena semistriata Desh., Paludina Unto 

 Desh., P orbicularis Voltz., Melanit turritissima Forbes, Cerithium mutabile Lam., 

 Cyrena pulchra Morr., Bulimus ellipticus Sow., Helix occlusa Edw., Planorbis discus 

 Edw ; Trionyx ; Pakeotherium magnum Cuv., P. medium Cuv., P. minus Cuv., P. 

 minimum Cuv., P. curtum Cuv., P. crassum Cuv., Anoplotherium commune Cuv., A. 

 secundarium Cuv., Dichobune cervinum Owen, Chceropotamus Cuvieri Owen. 



Lower Miocene of England. — Hempstead beds. — Corbula pisum Sow., Cyrena 

 semistriata 'Desh., Cerithium pi catum Lam., C. eleyans Desh., Rissoa Chastelii Nyst, 

 Paludina lenta, Melania fasciata Sow., M. costata Sow.; the Mammal, Hyopotamus 

 bovinus Owen. 



Pliocene of England. — In the Coralline Crag, Terebratula grandis Blumb., Lin- 

 gula Dumortieri Nyst, Astarte Omnlii Lajonkair, Cardita senilis Gein , Cyprina rustica 

 Flem., Ostrea princeps Wood, Pecten Gerardi Nyst, Pyrula reticulata Lam., Bulkea 

 bicatenata, Voluta Lamberti Sow., Echinus Woodwardii Desor, Temnechinus excavatus 

 Forbes. In the Red Crag, Terebratula grandis, Astarte obliquata Sow., A. Omalii, Car- 

 dium angustatum Sow., Ostrea princeps, Pectunculus variabilis Sow., Nucula Cobboldios 

 Sow., Columbella sulcata Wood, Cancellaria costellifera Wood, Cyprma Europaia Mg., 

 Fusus antiquus Lam. (Trophon antiquum Wood), Nassa reticosa Wood, Purpura tetra- 

 gona Sow., Scalaria Grxnlandica Beck., Voluta Lamberti Sow., Felis pardoides Owen, 

 Mastodon Arvernensis Croizet & Jobert (angustidens Owen), Rhinoceros Schleiermacheri 

 Kaup (incisicus Cuv.), Tapirus priscus Kaup (Arvernensis Croizet & Jobert), Cervus ano~ 

 ceros Kaup. In the Norwich Crag, Rhynchonella psittacea Turton, Nucula Cobboldice, 

 PanopaaNorvegica Sow., Tellina obliqua Sow., Astarte borealis Nilss., Cardium edule 

 Linn., Cyprina Islandica, Pholas oispata Linn, [lata Lister), Fusus antiquus, Lilorina 

 litorea Linn., Natica helicoides Johnston, Turritella communis Risso, Scalaria Groen- 

 landica, .Ifastodon Arvernensis, Elephas meridionalis Nesti, Cervus. 



Lower Eocene of France. — Argile plastique, many species identical with those 

 of the London Clay. The Bird, Gastornis Parisiensis. The "Sables deBracheux," sup- 

 posed to be of the age of the Thanet Sands, have afforded the Carnivore Arctocyon 

 primaivus Mey. (between Cercoleptes and the Bear). 



The Upper Eocene of France has afforded nearly sixty species of Mammals, of the 

 genera Pakeotherium, Anoplotherium, Xiphodon {X. gracilis) ; the Carnivores, Hyainodon 

 (H. leptorhynchusBW.), Canis Parisiensis Cuv., Cynodon Parisiensis Pomel, besides Bats 

 and an Opossum. 



The Auvergne beds, between the Eocene and Miocene in age, contain more Carni- 

 vores in proportion, besides more modern genera. Among them, there are Machmrodus, 

 Hycenodon, Cynodon, Canis, Amphicyon, Viverra, of the Carnivores; Pakeotherium, 

 Tapii-us, Anthracotherium, Hyopotamus, Rhinoceros, of Pachyderms ; Erinaceus, of In~ 

 sectivores; Archaiomys, Mus, Castor, Steneofber, Lepus, of Rodents, etc. 



Some of the Miocene genera are Pliopithecus, Dryopithecits, of Quadrumanes; 

 Machcerodus, Felis, Hycenarctos, Hyama, Canis, Viverra, Mustela, of Carnivores; Mas- 

 todon (M. longirostrv;, M. tapiroides Cuv., etc.), Elephas, Rhinoceros, Listriodon, Sits, 

 Anchitherium, Hipparion, Eqi'us, Hippopotamus, of Pachyderms; Camelopardalis, Anti- 



