568 



CENOZOIC TIME. 



mals of the State, besides one or two other species not now Pennsylvanian, but known 

 in regions not far remote: as a general rule, the bones of the cave appear to indicate 

 that the size of the species exceeded that at the present time. 



In North America, some of the Mammals appear to belong to the Recent or Terrace 

 period. Among these, according to Holmes and Leidy, there were probably the modern 

 Horse, or one similar to the common species, the Gray Rabbit and the Tapir; and to 

 these Dr. Holmes adds the Bison, Peccary, Beaver, Musk-rat, Elk, Deer, Raccoon, 

 Opossum, Hog, Sheep, Dog, and Ox. The species, however, have not in all cases been 

 identified with certainty; and it is not settled that the commingling of bones is not of 

 more modern origin. In western Canada, Chapman has found remains of the modern 

 Beaver, Musk-rat, Elk (Cervus elaphus), and Moose, in stratified gravel which contained 

 also bones of the Mammoth and Mastodon. 



The Quaternary deposits have afforded Marsh remains of the Birds, Meleagris altus 

 Mh., and M. celer Mh. (Turkeys), from New Jersey; Grus proavus Mh., ibid.; and 

 Catarractes affinis Mh., from Maine. 



Remains of the Reindeer have been found on Racket River and at Sing Sing, in 

 New York, near Vincenttown, in New Jersey, and at Big-bone Lick, in Kentucky. 



The animals of the Sloth tribe are South American in type. They 

 are at the present time mostly confined to South America, as they 

 were also in the Quaternary. 



The Cetacean, or Whale, Beluga Vermontana Thompson, whose re- 

 mains were found on the borders of Lake Champlain, is supposed to 



Fig. 950. 



Beluga Vermontana ( X i ) • 



have been about fourteen feet in length. Fig. 950 represents the bones 

 of the head, reduced to one-sixth the natural size. The species closely 

 resembles the B. leucas Gray, or small northern White Whale. 



3. South America. — In South America, over one hundred species 

 of extinct Quaternary quadrupeds have been made out. The bones 

 occur in great numbers, over the prairies or pampas of La Plata, and 

 in the caverns of Brazil ; and they include some thirty species of 

 Rodents (Squirrels, Beavers, etc.), species of Horse, Tapir, Lama, 

 Stag ; a Mastodon different from the North American ; Wolves, and 

 half a dozen Panther-like beasts, which occupied the caverns of Brazil ; 

 and, among Edentates, Ant-eaters, twelve or fourteen species related 



