604 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY. 



yet clearly understood, and with few occasions for supernatural inter- 

 vention. 1 



2. The method of evolution admitted of abrupt transitions between 

 species ; as has been argued by Hyatt and Cope, from the abrupt 

 transitions that occur in the development of animals that undergo 

 metamorphosis, and the successive stages in the growth of many 

 others. 



3. External agencies or conditions, while capable of producing 

 modifications of structure, have had no more power toward determin- 

 ing the directions of progress in the evolution, than they now have in 

 determining the course of progress in development from a living germ. 



4. For the development of Man, gifted with high reason and will, 

 and thus made a power above Nature, there was required, as Wallace 

 has urged, the special act of a Being above Nature, whose supreme 

 will is not only the source of natural law, but the working force of 

 Nature herself. 



1 There is here no discordance with the Biblical account of Creation, since, in it, 

 there is one fiat for the first introduction of life, and only three others for that of the 

 animal kingdom ; and, moreover, the language implies growth for the rest, through 

 law established by the fiats. 



