832 DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY. 



Descartes : Principia Philosophise, 1644. Advocates the former fluidity of the 

 earth, and makes dislocations over the surface an effect of contraction beneath. 



James Hall. : On the Convolutions of strata at their junction with Granite, Trans. 

 Roy. Soc Edinburgh, vii., 79, 1815 (read in 1812); attributes folding to lateral pressure, 

 and speaks of his having reached this conclusion first in 1788. 



Cordier : Temperature of the Interior of the Earth. Mem. Acad. Sci., Paris, vii., 

 473, 1827; advocates' the doctrine of the earth's interior liquidity. 



S. D. Poisson : Theorie Math^matique de la Chaleur, 1835. On the Temperature of 

 the Solid Parts of the Globe, etc., Comptes Rendus, 1837; Amer. J. Sci., xxxiv., 57, 

 1838; sustains the doctrine of the earth's interior solidity. 



H. T. De la Beche: Geol. Researches in Theoretical Geology, 1834; advocates 

 folding by lateral pressure, and the making of mountains by the earth's contraction, 

 and announces the distinction of basic and acidic rocks. 



G. Poulett Scrope : On Volcanoes, see page 748. 



C. Babbage: On the Temple of Serapis (see page 722); besides recognizing the re- 

 lations of isogeothermal planes, and the effect upon them of surface changes whether re- 

 movals of rock material or accumulation, the memoir accounts for changes of level 

 through the expansion or contraction caused by changes in the subterranean heat or 

 in the position of these isogeothermal planes. 



L. Elie de Beaumont: Les Systemes des Montagnes, Ann. des Sci. Nat., Sept., 

 Nov., Dec, 1829; Revue Francaise, May, 1830; Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, II., iv., 

 864, 1847, and in 3 vols., 1543 pages, 12mo, Paris, 1852; advocates the view that moun- 

 tain ranges of the same age have the same trend, whence the trend is indicative of the 

 time of origin, and also the sudden upheaval or soulevement of mountain chains. 



Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology, 1st edit., 1830 and 1832 ; last in 1867. 



Charles Darwin: Geological Observations on South America (made on the voyage 

 of the Beagle), 8vo, 1846; among its subjects, treats of foliation on page 168. 



Wm. Hopkins: Researches in Physical Geology, Proc. Brit. Assoc, 1837; Trans. 

 Cambridge Phil. Soc, vi., vii., 1835; treats of the phenomena of elevation, fractures, 

 and joints. —Phil. Trans. 1839, p. 381 ; 1840, p 193; 1842, p. 43; treats of the bearing 

 of the amount of precession and nutation on the question of the earth's interior fluidity 

 and the thickness of the crust; also of the solidification of the earth, of a superficial 

 crust forming over a liquid mass, with probably a solid centre, and of the final obliter- 

 ation of the viscous layer between the crust and the solid centre, leaving in its place 

 only cavities of liquid material to sustain volcanic action. — On Elevation and Earth- 

 quakes, Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1847. — Changes in the Earth's Climate, Quart. J. Geol. 

 Soc, viii., 56, 1852; Amer. J. Sci., II., xv., 72, 1853. —De Beaumont's Theory of Moun- 

 tains, Quart. J. Geol. Soc, ix., 1853. 



Constant Prevost: Sur les Theorie des Soulevements, Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, 

 xi., 183, 1840; opposes the soulevement theory of De Beaumont, and advocates the con- 

 traction theory. 



Durocher : On Comparative Petrology; Comptes Rendus, 1857, xliv., 325, 459, 605, 

 776, 859; Ann. Mines., V., xi., 217, 1857 ; presents his view as to basic and acidic mag- 

 mas in two parallel layers beneath the crust, with the acid one above, as the source of 

 the basic and acidic eruptive rocks. An English translation of Durocher's Memoir is 

 contained in the Manual of Geology of Rev. S. Haughton, 2d ed., 16mo, London, 1866. 



J. F. W. Herschel : On the Secular Variations of the Isothermal Surfaces of the 

 Earth's Crust, Proc. Geol. Soc, ii., 548, 596, 1837. — Phys. Geogr., 1859, p. 116 (Art. 

 in Encycl. Britannica, xvii., 1859); and Appendix to Babbage's Ninth Bridgewater 

 Treatise; attributes changes of level to "changes in the incidence of pressure on the 

 general substratum of liquified matter which supports the whole; " argues that the rise 

 of Scandinavia may be caused by the accumulation of sediments deposited over the 

 adjacent ocean's bed. See also p. 820. 



J. H. Pratt (Archdeacon): The Figure of the Earth, 12mo, 1st edit, in 1860, 4th 

 in 1872; in the earlier additions attributes the origin of oceanic depressions and con- 

 tinents, and also of mountain chains, to unequal contraction in a cooling globe, but in 



