

APPENDIX. 



A. — New Paleozoic, Triassic, and Jurassic Vertebrates, chiefly 



American. 



1. Devonian, Carboniferous. — The remains of Corniferous fishes, referred to on page 

 263, are figured and described by Newberry, along with Carboniferous species, in vol. i. 

 of the Palaeontology of Ohio; and vol. ii., of the same series, contains descriptions and 

 figures of other Carboniferous species by Newberry, and of new Amphibians by E. D. 

 Cope. The number of known species of Ohio Amphibians (p. 339) is increased by Cope 

 (from the collections placed in his hands by Newberry) to thirty-four ; and among them 

 are true Amphibian snakes. Phlegethontia linearis resembled a whip-snake in its pro- 

 portions ; Malyophls macrurus (to which Cope refers, with a query, Fig. 680, p. 340,) 

 was probably limbless, and nearly of the size of the common rattlesnake. None of the 

 powerfully-armed Lab}*rinthodonts have been found in North America. 



2. Permian Reptiles. — The Permian (or Triassic ?) of South Africa, has afforded 

 Prof. Owen, of London, Reptiles having some of the characters of carnivorous Mammals 

 (particularly marked in the canines and incisors) to which he has given the name of 

 Theriodonts. One of them, Cynodraco major, has the sabre-shaped canines of £he Lions 

 of the genus Machaerodus. Quart. J. Geol. Soc, 1876. 



The Upper Carboniferous of Illinois, near Danville, has afforded some Reptilian re- 

 mains, which have been described by E. D. Cope, and referred by him to the Permian. 

 See Proc. Anier. Phil. Soc, xvii., J 87 and beyond, Nov. 1877. Other species, and 

 some of Amphibians, have been described by the same author from the " Permian forma- 

 tion " of Texas. The species of Illinois and Texas are stated to be about equally related 

 to the types in the Permian of the Urals and the species described by Owen from South 

 Africa. The Reptiles are referred to the Rhynchocephalia, and the Amphibians to the 

 Stegocephali. With them occur remains of fishes of the genera Janassa, Ctenodus, and 

 Diplodus, which favor the view of a Permian age. Ibid., xvii., 505, April, 1878 (printed 

 May 18). . 



Marsh has described several species of fossil Reptiles from beds in New Mexico, which 

 he refers to the " Upper Permian." Part " have the more important characters of the 

 Rhynchocephalia, of which the genus Hatteria, of New Zealand, is the living type." 

 They occur with the remains of Amphibians and Fishes. Ophiacodon grandis, the largest 

 of them yet found, was about 10 feet long, Nothodon lentus, 5 or 6 feet, and Sphenaco- 

 don ferox. about 6 feet. Amer. J. Sci., III., xv., 409, May, 1878 (issued May 1). 



A. Gaudrv has described Permian Reptiles from Autun, in France. One, Actinodon t 

 of Frossard, is stated to be near Archegosaurus, and also near Rhachitonvus of Cope, 

 from Texas; and another, of higher t} T pe, named Euchirosaurus, is near the Cynodraco 

 of Owen and certain of the Texas species described b}' Cope. Bull. Soc. G^ol. de 

 France, III., vii., 62, 1878. 



3. Triassic Reptiles. — New species of reptiles have been described by E. D. Cope, 

 from the Triassic (or Triassico-Jurassic) of Pennsylvania and North Carolina, in the 

 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. xvii., pp. 82, 231, 1877; and 

 from New Mexico, in the Palaeontology of Wheeler's Expedition, 1877. 



