860 



APPENDIX. 



XXVI. Reptilian Age, continued. — 430. Second Period of the Reptilian Age. — 

 431. Question as to rocks of this period existing or not on the Atlantic Border. — Id. 

 west of the Mississippi. — 432. Life: Ammonites; Belemnites. —433. Reptiles. — Mam- 

 mals (also p. 852). — 433, 434. Foreign Jurassic. — 434. Subdivision into three Epochs. 



— 436. Characteristic plants; whether Angiosperms, or not. — 437, 438. Animal life. — 

 439, 440. Characteristic Cephalopods. — 441. Characteristic kinds of Fishes. — 442, 443. 

 Varieties of Reptile life: Ichthyosaurs ; Plesiosaurs. — 444. Crocodilians. — 444,445. 

 Carnivorous and herbivorous Dinosaurs. — 446. Pterosaurs. — 446. Kinds of Birds. — 

 446-448. Types of Mammals represented. — 450, 451. Conclusions, with regard to 

 American Geography. — 451. Different character of European. — 451, 452. Character- 

 istic life. — 452. Evidences as to climate. — 452, 453. Disturbances and mountain-mak- 

 ing closing the Jurassic period. 



XXVII. Reptilian Age, concluded. — Page 453. Third Period of the Reptilian Ag^. 



— 454. Origin of name Cretaceous. — Epochs in America. — Distribution of the beds. 



— 455. Kinds of rocks. — 458, 459. Change in the vegetation of America with the 

 opening of the Period. — 460. Important Protozoans. — Characteristic Mollusks. — 462. 

 Cephalopods. — Fishes.— 464, 465. Kinds of Reptiles. —466. Kinds of Birds. — 469. 

 Rocks of the foreign Cretaceous ; chalk ; flint. — 471. Plants. — Rhizopods. — 472. Spic- 

 ules of Sponges. — 473. Fishes. — 474. Reptiles. — 477. Origin of the chalk. — 478. Id. 

 of the flint. — 478, 479. Conclusions as to American Geography. — 480. Id. Foreign 

 Geography. — 480, 481. Evidences as to climate. — 481. Relative duration of the 

 Paleozoic and Mesozoic. — 481, 482. Geography of North America. — 482. Contrast of 

 Mesozoic with Paleozoic life, as to plants. — Id. as to Crinoids and Brachiopods. — 

 483. Id. as to Cephalopods. — 484. Id. as to Fishes. — 484, 485. Id. as to Reptiles.— 

 485, 486. Id. as to Birds, Mammals. —486, 487. Evidence of disturbances during Meso- 

 zoic time. — 487, 488. Disturbances closing Mesozoic time. — 488. Cause of destruction 

 of life closing the Cretaceous era. 



XXVIII. Cenozoic Time. — Page 488. Contrast in life between Cenozoic and Meso- 

 zoic time. — 489. The two Ages of the Cenozoic. — The first of these Ages: its Periods. 



— 490. Subdivisions of the American Tertiary. — 490, 491. General distribution of the 

 rocks. — 492. Kinds of rocks. — 496. Protophytes. — 496, 497. General character of 

 other plants. — 501. Kinds of Vertebrates, Fishes, Reptiles. — 502. Birds; Mammals. 



— 503, 504, 505. Eocene kinds. — 505, 506. Miocene Mammals. —507. Pliocene Mam- 

 mals; Horses; Brains. — 511, 512. Foreign Tertiary rocks. — 512. Importance of Num- 

 mulites in the foreign Tertiary. — 514. Contrast between the Eocene, Miocene, and more 

 modern vegetation of Europe. — 516. Tertiary Birds. —516, 517. Mammals. —518. The 

 Dinothere. — 520, 521. American Geography — 522, 523. European Geography. — 

 523, 524. Disturbances during the Tertiary in North America. — 525. Id. in Europe. — 

 Elevation of mountains. — 526. Evidence as to climate in America and Europe. 



XXIX. Cenozoic Time, continued. — Page 527. Three Periods of the Quatenjfirv. 



— Drift. — 528. Its distribution. — 529. Its material. — Its source and course of travel. 



— 530, 531. Character and general direction of scratches. — 532, 533. Distribution in 

 foreign countries. — 533. Fiords. — 534. The two theories. — Arguments for and against 

 the Iceberg theory. — 535. The Glacier theory, how sustained. An inclined surface 

 beneath not required for motion. — 537. Probable summit of the ice of Eastern America. 



— 538. Lower limit.— 538, 539. Method of erosion, shid of gathering material for trans- 

 portation. — 539. Aid of icebergs. — 539, 540,541. Geographical conditions during the 

 Glacial era. — 542. Source of the cold. — Exterminations. — 543. Second Period of the 

 Quaternary. — General character of the era. — Subdivisions. — 543, 544. Kinds of de- 

 posits and their distribution. — 544, 545. Fluvial and Lacustrine. — 546, 547, 548. Struc- 

 ture of the beds. —549. Id. of the Alluvian. — 550. Level of the formations. — 551. Sea- 

 border formations. — 552. Their height. — 553, 554. American Geography. — 555, 556. 

 The final flood. —557. Height of flood-level. — 558. Exterminations. —558. Champlain 

 deposits in foreign countries. — 560. Third Period. — Kinds of deposits. — 560, 561. 

 Reindeer and Modern eras in America. — 561, 562. Evidence as to a second Glacial 

 Epoch in Europe and Great Britain. 



