878 



INDEX. 



Chemung group, 276. 



period, 254, 276. 

 Chert, 71,§ 222, 305. 

 Chesapeake Bay, in the Creta- 

 ceous. 478. 

 Chester group, 294, 295, 378. 

 Chevandier, analyses of wood, 



362. 

 Chico group, 457, 458. 

 Chilhowee Mt., fault in, 400. 

 Chilhowee sandstone, 163, 168, 



379. 

 Chili, recent changes of level 

 in, 584, 585. 



Cretaceous in, 470. 



Jurassic in, 433. 

 Chimaeroids, 263. 

 China, Carboniferous in, 345. 

 Chiropters, range of, in time, 



589. 

 Chiton, 385. 



Canadensis, 203. 



carbonarius, 342. 

 Chlamydotherium, 570. 

 Chlorargillyte, 72. § 

 Chlorhydric acid, 728. 

 Chlorine, 52. 

 Chlorite, 55,§ 762, 764, 767, 777. 



slate, 75,§ 763. 

 Choanites Konigii, 476. 

 Choeropotamus, 511. 



Cuvieri, 519. 

 Chomatodus, 304, 343. 

 Chondrites, 513. 



Colletti, 331. 

 Chondrodite, 762. 

 Chonetes, 172,* 228, 243, 249, 

 252, 271, 284. - 



cornuta, 224 * 228 



Dalmaniana, 308. 



hemisphaerica, 261. 



lata, 173.* 



mesoloba. 332 * 341. 



ornata, 300* 303. 



setigera, 272,* 274. 



variolata, 300 ,* 303. 



range of, in time. 386.* 

 Chonophyllum magnificum, 

 261. 



Niagarense, 225,* 229. 

 Chouteau limestone, 294. 

 Chrestotes lapidea, 343. 

 Chromic iron, 458. 

 Chronological order of strata, 



101.§ 

 Chrysalidina gradata, 131,* 



471*474. 

 Chrysolite, 57. § 



rocks, 75. § 

 Chrysotile, 55. § 

 Cicadas, 450. 

 Cidaris, 300, 474. 



Blumenbachii, 437,* 449. 



coronata, 449. 



Edwardsii, 448. 



hemigranosa, 468. 



vesiculosa, 476. 

 Cimolicthys, 467. 

 Cincinnati. See Hudson River 

 epoch. 



region in Carboniferous, 355. 



uplift, 217, 237, 291, 305, 355, 

 391. 

 Cinder-cones, 726. *§ 

 Cinders, 68, 722. § 

 Cinnabar, 458. 

 Cinnamomum, 497, 498. 

 Cinnamomum affine, 498. 



Mississippiense, 497,* 498. 



Cinnamomum Scheuchzeri, 498. 

 Cinnamon, 497, 514. 

 Circumdenudation, 652. § 

 Cirripeds, 120,* 122. § 



earliest of, 247. 

 Cithara Mississippiensis, 499,* 



509. 

 Cladodus, 364, 343, 351. 



marginatus, 308. 



spinosus, 301.* 304. 

 Cladonia, 366. 



rangiferina, 36^. 

 Claiborne group, 491, 494. 

 Clam, 126, § 510, 561. 

 Clathraria Lyellii, 450. 

 Clatbropora flabellata, 203. 

 Clathropteris, 409, 433. 



rectiuscula, 407,* 409. 

 Clay, 49, 5S,§ 68. 



Erie, 547. 



ironstone, 293, 318. 



rocks, 62. 



slate, 69.§ 

 Clayey layers, plication of, 



666* 

 Clear Creek limestone, 237, 



378. 

 Cleavage, 52, § 627. 



in rocks, 89, § 627. 



production of, in glaciers, 

 698. 

 Cledora, 119 .* 

 Clepsysaurus Pennsylvanicus, 



413, 414 * 417. 

 Clidastes, 468. 



iguanavus,468. 



intermedius, 468. 



pumilus, 468. 

 Clidophorus Pallasi, 372. 

 Cliff limestone. 221, 237. 

 Cliffs, wearing of, 676. 

 Climactichnites Wilsoni, 176,* 



178. 

 Climate affects geographical 

 distribution of life, 609. 



causes determining, 43, 712. 



causes of the serial changes 

 in, through the geological 

 ages, 713, 829. 



change of. at close of Creta- 

 ceous, 488, 521. 



changes of, 713. 



Carboniferous, 352. 



Corniferons, 265. 



Cretaceous, 480. 



Devonian, 289. 



Glacial, 541. 



Jurassic, 452. 



Potsdam, 181. 



Quaternary, 571. 



Tertiary, 526. 



Trenton, 209. 



Upper Silurian, 253. 

 Clinch Mountain sandstone, 



379. 

 Clinkers, 732. 

 Clinkstone, 77 .§ 

 Clinometer, 95. §* 



use of, for measuring the 

 slopes of distant moun- 

 tains, 18. 

 Clinton American species oc- 

 curring elsewhere, 248. 



epoch, 164, 220. 



iron- ore, 220. 

 Clione, 207. 

 Clupea, 475, 501. 



humilis, 510. 



pusilla, 510. 



Clymenia, 284, 285.§ 



limestone, 282. 



Sedgwickii, 285* 

 Clypeaster, 509. 



Rogersi, 499* 509. 



Gabbii, 510. 

 Clypeus Hugi, 118,* 440. 



patella, 449. 

 Coal, 61 ,§314, 360. 



analyses of , 316, 493. 



beds, amount of vegetation 

 for, 363. 



beds, thickness of, 313. 



bowlders in, 317, 356. 



Calciferous, 186. 



Carboniferous, 312. 



composition of, 360. 



Cretaceous, 458. 



debituminized, 400. 



impurities of, 316, 364, 366. 



Jurassic, 435. 



origin of, 351, 360. 



Permian, 370. 



plant-remains in, 317, 321. 



structure of, 314, 359. 



Subcarboniferous, 293. 



Tertiary, 491, 493. 



Triassic, 404, 406. 



workable areas of, 293, 309, 

 345. 

 Coal-fields of North America, 

 309. 



of Europe, 345. 

 Coal-making decomposition 



only under water, 362- 

 Coal-measures, 311, 355. 



dirt-beds of, 313. 



division of, 314. 



false, 295. 



section of, near Nesquehon- 

 ing, Pa,, 396* 



section of, at Trevorton Gap, 

 Pa, 396* 



vegetation, character of, 351 

 Coal-period, summary of, 359 

 Coal-plants, 321. 



distribution of genera of, 348. 



growth of, 353. 

 Coaly shale, 66. § 

 Coan, T., on eruptions on Ha- 

 waii, 731. 

 Coast barriers, 680.* 

 Coast-formations, 492. 

 Coast Range, 24, 490. 

 Coast Survey soundings, 422.* 



observations on Gulf Stream, 

 669. 

 Coccoliths, 1&5,§ 459, 471, 611. 

 Cocconeis atmospherica, 635. 



lineata, 635.* 

 Cocconema cvmbiforme, 635.* 

 Coccosteus, 246, 275, 282, 283- 



decipiens, 285,* 286. 

 Cochliodus, 301, 304. 



contortus, 301*308. 



nobilis, 301 * 304. 

 Cockroach, 335, 336, 342, 349. 

 Coeciliane, 337. § 

 Coelacanthus, 343, 372. 



elegans, 336,* 342. 



granulatus, 372. 

 Coelorhynchus ornatus, 509 

 Coffee group, 456. 

 Cohesive attraction, 627. 

 Coins, fossil, 579, 580* 

 Coke, 61.§ 



Cold, sources of, 542, 712, 714. 

 Cold-temperate regions, 41, § 



