884 



INDEX. 



Exogyra, Boussingaultii , 476. 



columba, 476. 



conica, 476. 



costata, 461 * 467, 468, 469. 



Couloni, 475. 



lateralis, 476. 



levigata, 476. 



parasitica, 467. 



sinuata, 475. 



Tirgula, 483* 449. 

 Expansion, change of level 

 from, 721. 



from heat, 720. 

 Extermination of tribes, fam- 

 ilies, genera, species, 181, 

 209, 384, 487, 542, 554. 



causes of, 488. 



modern examples of, 579. 



Facial suture, 174. § 

 Fagus, 459, 497, 498, 515. 



Deucalionis, 493, 514. 



ferruginea, 497,* 498. 



polycladus, 460. 

 Fahlbands, 114.§ 

 Fahlunian beds, 513. 

 Falls of the Ohio, coral reef of, 



255. 

 False Coal-measures, 295, 320. 

 Fan-palm, 497. 

 Fasciolaria, 508. 



first of, 475, 477. 



buccinoides, 461,* 467. 



rhomboidea, 511. 

 Faults, 93, § 96. 



origin of, 790. 



in the Appalachians, 184, 214, 

 398, 653. 

 Fauna. See Life. 

 Favistella, 258. 



stellata, 204.* 

 Favosites, 225 ,*§ 240, 249, 252, 

 256, 259, 283. 



alveolaris, 207, 247. 



basaltica, 243, 256. 



cervicornis, 243. 



favosa, 206. 



G-oldfussi, 259 * 261. 



Gothlandica, 206, 207, 208, 

 230, 243, 247, 249, 256, 265. 



Niagarensis, 225,* 229, 230. 



polymorpha, 249. 



range of, in time, 386. 

 Faxoe Kalke, 470. 

 Feature-lines, system in courses 

 of, 29. 



evolution of, 827. 

 Feejee Islands, 34, 623, 625. 

 Feldspar, 49,53,§ 54,* 627, 761, 

 762. 



decomposition of, 703, 705, 

 711. 

 Feldspar-euphotide, 71. § 



porphyry, 71, § 77. § 

 Feldspathic series of igneous 



rocks, 77. § 

 Felis, 519,§ 520, 567. 



atrox, 567. 



augustus, 511. 



leo, 564. 



pardoides, 519. 



spelaea, 564. 

 Felsyte, 73, § 77. 

 Fenestella, 229. 



antiqua, 207. 



prisca, 224.* 228. 



retiformis, 372. 

 Ferns, 133,§ 296, 354, 362. 



ash Qf, 365, 366. 



Ferns in coal-shales. 321, 326, § 

 351. 



Triassic, 409. 

 Ferruginous rocks, 64. § 



sandstone. 379. 

 Ficus, 459, 497, 508. 



corylifolius, 498. 



Sternbergii, 459. 



tilisefolia, 498. 

 Fig, 459, 471, 497, 498, 514, 



594. 

 Filling of veins, 775. 

 Fingal ; s Cave, 740. 

 Finland, Archaean in, 151. 

 Fin-spines, 262, § 274. 

 Fiord valleys, 533, 540. 

 Fir-cones in Triassic, 409. 

 Fir, 609. 

 Fire-clay, 312. 

 Firn, 692. § 



Fisher, 0., 718, 815, 832. 

 Fishes, 121, § 336, 351, 484, 592, 

 594, 595, 602. 



age of, 139. 



classification of, 261. 



first of, 247. 



first American, 261, 262.* 



first Osseous, 442. 



fossil, localities of, 520. 



number of Silurian, 249. 



range of, in time, 140, 388.* 



rarely exterminated, 614. 

 Fish-scales, composition of, 61. 

 Fish-teeth in the Lower Silu- 

 rian, supposed, 208. 

 Fissures, dikes in, 738, 740. 



See Fractures 

 Flabellaria, 349, 497. 



Eocenica, 498. 



latania, 498. 



Zinkeni, 498- 

 Flabellina rugosa, 131* 471,* 



474. 

 Flabellum Warlesii, 509. 



striatum, 466. 

 Flagging-stone, 267. 

 Flamingo, 516. 

 Flatwoods group, 493. 

 Flexibility of ice, 695. 



of rocks, 798. 

 Flexible sandstone, 71. § 

 Flexures, 798, 832. 



See Plications. 

 Flint, 53. § 



in Cretaceous, 469. 



origin of, 478. 

 Flint implements, 573. 



localities of, 554. 

 Flocculation, 655. 

 Flood closing the Glacial, 553. 

 Flood-plain of rivers, 558, 642, 



658, 662. 

 Flora. See Plants. 



harmony of, in ages, 384. 

 Florida, elevation of, 524. 



limestones of, 492. 



Tertiary in, 494. 



trend of, 36, 524. 

 Flow-and-plunge structure, 82, 



548, 685. 

 Flowers, fossil, supposed, 325. 

 Flower-like animals, 383. 

 Fluccan, 114. § 

 Fluorite, or Fluor-spar, 58,§ 



222. 

 Flustra, 127,§ 474. 

 Flustrella, 466. 



Fluvio-marine formations, 659, 

 680, 684.* 



Fly, 121.§ 



Flying lizards, 446. 



Flysch, 513. 



Folds, 92.§* See Plioations. 



Foliation, 90, § 628. 



Foot, 126.§ * 



Footprints, Clinton, 224,* 228. 



Coal-measure, 341, 343. 



Hamilton, 267. 



Permian, 373. 



Potsdam, 168, 176.* 



Subcarboniferous, 302,* 304. 



Triassic, 411,* 412,* 420. 

 Foot-wall, 113.§ 

 Foramen, 160. § 

 Foraminifers, 60, 131, §* 341. 



460, 471, 515, 611. 

 Forbes, D., 809, 833. 

 Forbes, E., on colored fossil 



shells, 308. 

 Forbes, J. D., on glaciers, 694. 

 Forbesiocrinus, 303. 

 Force causing volcanic erup- 

 tions, 737. 



engaged in foldings, 216, 401. 



of running water, 649, 654, 

 670, 671. 

 Forces, the same through geo- 

 logical history, 6. 



intensified in Quaternary, 

 587. 

 Forchhammer, composition of 

 corals, 60. 



ash of plauts, 61. 

 Ford, S. W., on Primordial, 



167. 

 Forest-bed, 513, 556. 

 Forest-continent, 44, 394. 

 Forest-marble group, 435. 

 Forest regions, distribution of, 



44. 

 Formation, 81. § 

 Fossiliferous rocks, 62. 

 Fossilization. methods of, 614. 

 Fossils, 5,§ 47,§ 62, 612. 



American localities of, 852. 



chronological data, 104.§ 



distortion of, 98, §* 794. 



obliteration of, by metamor- 

 phism, 754, 756. 

 Foster & Whitney name Azoic, 

 148. 



Archaean iron ores, 153.* 



Lake Superior trap, 185. 

 Fox, 505, 508, 564, 571, 577. 

 Fox Hills group, 454, 456. 

 Fractures, direction of, as re- 

 lated to the force causing 

 them, 817, 827. 



origin of, 790, 801, 817. 



system in, 827. 

 Fragillaria pinnata, 635. 

 Fragmental rocks, 67. § 

 France, Carboniferous in, 309, 

 344, 346. 



Cretaceous in, 469. 



disturbances in, 402. 



flint implements in, 574. 



in the Quaternary, 555. 



Jurassic in, 433. 



Quaternary in, 533. 



rock-salt in, 424. 



Second Glacial epoch in, 561. 



Subcarboniferous in, 318. 



Tertiary in, 512, 516. 



Triassic in, 424. 

 Franklinite, 76,§ 152, 156.§ 

 Frazier, P., Jr., analysis of coal, 

 493. 



