INDEX. 



891 



Lesquereux, L., coal-plants, 

 331, 356. 

 equivalency of coal-beds, 321. 

 Lignitic of Rocky Mts., 457, 



458, 493. 

 Lignitic flora, 497, 498. 

 table of coal-plants, 331, 348. 

 Tertiarv plants and fruits, 

 493, 494. 

 Lestosauros sinius, 465,* 468. 

 Lcucite, 56. § 

 Leucitophyre, 79. § 

 Leucityte. 77. § 

 Levant scries. 375. 

 Level, changes of, in the bot- 

 tom of the ocean, vary the 

 water-line, 784. 

 origin of changes of, 816. 

 oscillations of, in Quaternary, 



recent changes of. 582, 7S3. 

 See. further, ELEVATIONS and 

 Height. 

 Levis formation. 163, 184. 

 Lherzolvte, 7U.§ 72. 

 Lias, 431. § 135. 

 Liassian group, 435. 

 Liassic epoch, 434. 

 Libellula, 441* 449. 



W'estwoodii. 449. 

 Libocedrus decurrens, 526. 

 Lichas, 174,§ 228, 24), 249,253. 

 Anglicus, 247. 

 Boltoni, 227,* 229. 

 cuculius, 204. 

 Hibernicus, 208. 

 laxatus 



Trentonensis, 202* 204. 

 range of, in time, 388.* 

 Lichenalia. 240- 

 Lichens, 133, § 331. 

 ash of, 365, 366. 

 Life, characteristics of, 1, 114 § 

 destructive effects of, 607. 

 destruction oi 

 distribution of, 139. 

 dynamical effects of, 606. 

 earliest species, rank of, 382. 

 earliest species are water- 

 species. 382. 

 extinction of species of. 181, 



233. 288, 384, 579. 

 geographical distribution of. 



43, 609. 

 introduction of, 846. 

 kinds of, most likely to be- 

 come fossilized, 613. 

 lowest kinds of, the best rock- 

 makers, 614 

 materials of rocks from, 59. 

 number of species of, in Silu- 

 rian, 240 

 oceanic, distribution of, illus- 

 trated by the Physio- 

 graphic Chart. 43. 

 origination of species of. 60-"». 

 products contributed by, to 



rock formation-, 612. 

 protective efferts of, 606. 

 relation of progress in. to 

 the phvsical history of the 

 globe, 593. 

 system of, 114. § 

 system of. progrre=s of, in the 

 course of geological time, 

 383, 592. 

 transitions in forms of, 600. 

 transportinz effects of, 607. 

 Archaean, 157. 



Life, Canadian, 1S6. 



Carboniferous, 321, 347. 



CatskiU, 280. 



Cenozoic, 5S8. 



Chemung, 278. 



Corniferous, 257. 



Cretaceous, 458, 470. 



Devonian, foreign, 283, 288. 



Hamilton, 268, 276. 



Jurassic, 432, 436, 451. 



Lower Helderberg, 238. 



Mesozoic, 482. 



Niagara, 223. 



Oriskany, 242. 



Paleozoic, 381. 



Permian, 367, 370. 



Potsdam. 169. 



Quaternary, 563. 



Selina, 235. 



Subcarboniferous, 296, 306. 



Tertiarv, 4S9, 496, 514, 526. 



Trenton, 198. 



Triassic, 407, 425. 



Upper Silurian, 245, 252. 

 Light affecting life, 612. 



creation of, 846. 

 Lignite, 61,§ 491, 494, 512. 



beds, 521. 



of Brandon, 494. 

 Lignitic group of Rockv Mts., 

 457. 490, 493, 501, 50S, 523. 



period, 490, 493. 

 Lima, 385, 433, 475. 



gigantea, 429, 438*448. 



Hoperi, 476. 



retifera, 342. 



striata, 428. 

 Limaria clathrata, 248. 



fruticosa, 248. 

 Limburgite, 79. § 

 Lime, 5M 364. 



phosphate of, 59,§ 60. 

 Lime-making sea, 304. 

 Limestone, 49, 62,§ 69,§ 619. 



from corals and shells, 193, 

 198. 615, 619. 



from Rhizopods, 194. 



metamorphic, 156. 



of Coral islands, 619. 



rate of formation of, 626. 



ratio of. to sandstones, 211. 



source of, 193, 198. 

 Lime-tree, 515. 

 Limnaea, 450, 617. 



caudata, 519. 



elongata, 550. 

 Limnocyon riparius, 509, 510. 

 Limnofelis ferox, 510. 

 Limnohyus robustus, 510. 

 Limnoria, 608 

 Limnosaurus, 510. 

 Limnotherium, 510. 



species, 510. 

 Limonite, 59,§ 318, 703, 710, 



781. 

 Limulus, 122, § 333. 

 Lingula or Lingulella, 119,* 

 126,§ 168, 174, 175, 187, 

 190/228, 252, 385, 448, 469, 

 592, 594, 597. 



acuminata, 177, 189. 



antiqua, 177.* 



composition of shell of, 60. 



cuneata, 223,* 228. 



Davisii, 180,* 192, 207- 



Dumortieri, 519 

 family, 170, §* 199. 



Huronensis, 191. 

 lamellata, 229. 



Lingula Lewisii, 247. 



Lyelli, 191. 



Mantelli, 192. 



Matthewi, 174,* 176\ 



nitida, 467. 



ovalis, 60. 



prima, 177.* 



quadrate, 200,* 203. - 



subspatulata, 271. 



range of, in time, 386.* 

 Lingula flags, 163, 179. 

 Lion, 416, 564, 566, 567, 571. 

 Liquidambar, 515. 



integrifolius, 459. 

 Liriodendron, 459, 515. 



Meekii, 459 * 

 Liskeard group, 292. 

 Listriodon, 519. 

 Lithodomus, 608. 

 Lithographic limestone, 294, 

 378. 



slate of Solenhofen, 436. 

 Lithological Geology, 7,§ 47. 

 Lithologv, works on, 79. 

 Lithophis Sarsrenti, 501, 510. 

 Lithostrotion, 207, 352, 429. 



beds, 194. 



Canadense, 297, 299* 302. 



mamillare, 302. 

 Litorina litorea, 519. 



ornate, 449. 



palliate, 553. 

 Littoral zone, 611. 

 Lituites, 203, § 229, 483. 



Americanus, 250. 



Farnsworthi, 189. 



giganteus, 250. 



Hibernicus, 208. 



Imperator, 189. 



undatus, 203.* 

 Lituola nautiloidea. 131,* 471,* 



474. 

 Lits coquilliers, 512. 

 Liverworts, 133.§ 

 Lizards, 121, § 338. § 592. 

 Llandeilo croup, 163, 192, 206- 

 Llandovery beds, 164, 206, 244, 



247. 

 Llano Estacado, 21. 

 Lobster, 121. § 592, 593, 611. 

 Lob-worm, \20* 

 Localities of fossils, 000. 



of Tertiary fishes, 520. 

 Locust, 351. 

 Lode, 113,§ 771. 

 Lcedonian, 435. 

 Loess, 68,§ 549, 550, 559, 661* 

 Logan, W. E., fault along the 

 Hudson, and at Montmor- 

 ency, 214, 215. 



Archaean, 151. 



Joggins section, 319. 



Lower Helderberg, 241. 



Potsdam tracks, 176.* 



Quebec group, 184, 214, 836. 

 Loganellus, 190. 

 Loganite, 157. 

 Logs, 657, 658. 

 Loligo vulgaris, 119.* 

 London clay, 512. 

 Lonchopteris, 348. 

 Longmynd rocks, 179. 

 Long Island, Cretaceous in, 

 455. 

 Quaternary in, 528, 558 

 sand-hills of, 631. 

 shores of, 680. 

 subsidence of, 583. 



Tertiary in, 455- 



