TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



PAGE 



Relations of the Science of Geology 1 



Subdivisions of Geology : 7 



PART I.— Physiographic Geology. 



1. The Eai'th's General Contour and Surface-Subdivisions 9 



2. System in the Reliefs of the Land 23 



3. System in the Courses of the Earth's Feature-Lines 30 



4. System of Oceanic Movements and Temperature 39 



5. System of Atmospheric Movements and Temperature 44 



6. Distribution of Forest-Regions, Prairies, and Deserts 46 



PAET II— Lithological Geology, 



1. Constitution of Rocks , 49 



1. Elements constituting Rocks 50 



2. Minerals constituting Rocks 55 



3. Kinds of Rocks 70 



1. Fragmental Rocks, exclusive of Limestones 73 



2. Metamorphic Rocks not Calcareous 74 



3. Calcareous Rocks — Carbonates and Sulphates 84 



4. Igneous Rocks 86 



2. Condition, Structure, and Arrangement of Rock-Masses 90 



1. Stratified Condition 90 



1. Nature of Stratification . 90 



2. Structure of Layers 92 



3. Positions of Strata 101 



4. Order of Arrangement of Strata 112 



2. Unstratified Condition — Veins — Dikes 117 



xi 



