342 PALAEOZOIC TIME — CARBONIFEROUS AGE. 



observed, number about 350. 150 species have been procured from 

 a single coal bed in Ohio by Dr. Newberry. 



Characteristic Species of some of the subdivisions of the Carboniferous. 



Lesquereux enumerates the following among the species characteristic of 

 the groups below mentioned : — 



(a.) Subcarboniferous beds. — Stigmaria Anabathra Corda, S. minor, S. undu- 

 lata, and others ; Lepidodendron Veltheimianum Sternb., L. Worthianum ; a 

 Gaulopteris; a Megaphytum ; Catamites Suclcowi Brngt.; a Bornia ; Cordaites 

 borassifolia Ung., Knorria imbricata Sternb. Of these, the first of them, with 

 the Catamites, Cordaites, and Lepidodendron Worthianum, occur higher in the 

 series, and the Catamites and Cordaites continue through the whole Coal mea- 

 sures, or at least above the Pittsburg coal bed. 



(6.) Millstone Grit. — Lepidodendron, six species; Sigillaria, two; Catamites, 

 two ; Stigmaria ; and the Ferns, Pecopteris,, velutina Lsqx., P. nervosa Brngt., 

 Neuropteris flexuosa Brngt., N. hirsuta Lsqx., Anmdaria sphenophylloides Un/g., 

 Odontopteris crenidata, Hymenophyllites furcatus Brngt., Sphenopteris latifolia 

 Brngt., which occur also higher, to at least Coal bed No. 1 B. 



(c.) Mammoth Bed (No. 1 B). — A great number of fruits, including nearly all 

 of the Coal measures, of the genera Trigonocarpum, Cardiocarpum, Rhabdocar- 

 pus, and Carpolithes ; numerous Lepidodendra (eighteen species) ; Alethopteris 

 Lonchitidis, and A. marginata, not known above, and species of Callipteris, with 

 few of the finer forms of the family, of the genus Pecopteris ; among which few 

 there are the Pecopteris velutina, P. Sillimani, P. plumosa Brngt. ; Sphenopteris 

 family numerously represented, — e.g., S. latifolia Brngt., S. obtusiloba Brngt., 

 S. glandulosa Lsqx., S. polyphylla Lindley & Hutton, S. Newberryi Lsqx., S. ar- 

 temisisefolia Brngt., and Hymenophyllites Hildrethi Lsqx., and H. spinosus Gopp., 

 all peculiar to it; all the American species of Odontopteris, except 0. cremdata, 

 found also in the Millstone grit. Many Sigillarise, as S. stellafa Lsqx., S. Serlii 

 Brngt., S. tesselata Brngt., S. Brochanti Brngt., S. alveolaris Brngt., and others, 

 not found above. The most abundant species are the omnipresent Neuropteris 

 hirsuta and N. flexuosa. There are also species of Annularia, Sphenophyllum, 

 Aster ophyllites, and Catamites ; and everywhere Stigmaria ficoides. 



(d.) Coal No. 4. — This bed is characterized by small Ferns. There are no 

 Lepidodendra, but some Sigillarise ; and numerous species of the Pecopteris 

 family ; also species of Aster ophyllites, many of Neuropteris, and several of 

 Sphenopteris. 



(e.) Coal No. 11, the Pittsburg Coalbed. — There are Neuropteris hirsuta Lsqx., 

 Cordaites borassifolia, Neuropteris flexuosa Brngt., Pecopteris polymorpha Brngt., 

 P. arborescens Brngt., P. Cyathea Brngt., Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brngt. ; 

 Catamites, three species ; Sigillaria, one species ; Lepidodendra, none. Neuro- 

 pteris Moorii Lsqx. begins here, and has some resemblance to an Oolitic species.* 



See, for further detail, Lesquereux's Memoir, Am. Jour. Sci. [2] xxx. p. 367. 



