352 PALEOZOIC TIME CARBONIFEROUS AGE. 



in fig. 604 B. The existence of ribs separates them from Batrachians, and their 

 length from the Salamandrians; and in this characteristic they approximate to 

 the Lacertians or Lizard tribe among true Reptiles. Dawson has described 

 three species under the generic name Hylonomus, which were found with the 

 Dendrerpeton ; they have long ribs, as well as scales, and may have been related 

 to the above from Ohio. He regards them as probably Lacertian. 



Enaliosaurs. — Two vertebrae of a large swimming Saurian have been found 

 by 0. C. Marsh in the Nova Scotia Coal measures, at the Joggins, about 

 5000 feet below the top of the series. Fig. 604 C represents one of the ver- 

 tebrae, reduced one-half, and a, a transverse section. The resemblance to the 

 vertebra of an Ichthyosaurus (see fig. 710) is close. From the depth of its 

 concavities, the animal is supposed to have been one of the most fish-like of the 

 Enaliosaurs. But without more of the skeleton it is difficult to pronounce on 

 its exact relations. The species is named by Marsh Eosaurus Acadianus. 



COAL MEASURES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

 I. Distribution of Coal Regions. 



Coal beds of the Carboniferous age are found in Great Britain, 

 France, Belgium, Spain, Germany, Hungary, and China. But it is 

 not yet known that any beds of this age occur in South America, 

 Africa, Australia, or in the whole of southern, central, and western 

 Asia, or in either European or Asiatic Russia. Passing up from 

 Africa and the Orient over Europe, we find the smallest amount 

 of coal in Germany or southeastern Europe ; the next in order, in 

 Belgium, France, Spain, Great Britain ; or in proportion to the 

 square miles of surface approximately as follows : — France, l-100th, 

 Spain, l-50th, Belgium* l-20th, Great Britain, l-10th. The number 

 of square miles of coal area in these countries is nearly as follows ; 

 that of North America is added for comparison : — 



Square miles. 



Belgium 518 



France 2,000? 



Spain 4,000 



Great Britain and Ireland 12,000 



British Provinces 18,000 



United States 130,000 



Total in North America 148,000 



The contrast is striking in its bearings on the earth's future, and 

 has a profound historical interest. 



