TERTIARY PERIOD. 523 



sonnais sands and Nummulitic group. — (1.) Lower Calcaire G-rossier or Glau- 

 conie Grossiere; part of the Bruxellian (Brussels) beds of Dumont; 1 and 2, 

 Upper and Middle Calcaire Grossier; 3 and 4, Gres de Beauchamp, Lsekenian 

 beds of Brussels, Calcaire Siliceux ; 5, Gypseous group of Montmartre, Calcaire 

 Lacustre Superieur. Nostl and 2 are the Parisian A system of D'Orbigny ; and 

 3, 4, 5, the Parisian B system. 



3. Upper Eocene of Lyell: Lower Miocene of some authors. — 

 Britain. — Hempstead beds near Yarmouth. Europe. — Part of Terrain Tertiaire 

 Moyen, and Calcaire Lacustre Superieur and Gres de Fontainebleau; Lacus- 

 trine of Auvergne ; Limburg beds of Belgium, Rupelian, Tongrian, and Bolcle- 

 rian of Dumont; Maguntian of Mayer; Mayence basin; part of Tile clay near 

 Berlin; probably the so-called Miocene of Mayence and Castel-Gomberto; also 

 the fresh-water Molasse of the cantons of Vaud, Berne, and Argovie. 



4. Miocene of Lyell. — Britain, no marine beds ; Leaf-bed of Mull in the 

 Hebrides?; Lignite of Antrim?. Europe. — Upper Fahlunian of D'Orbigny; 

 Fahluns, Touraine ; beds of Gironde and Landes ; part of Vienna basin ; Superga 

 Hill near Turin; Helvetian or marine Molasse, and Dertonian or Upper fresh- 

 water Molasse of Mayer; systems Diestian, Campinian, and Scaldisian of 

 Dumont. 



5. Older Pliocene — Britain.— Coralline Crag and Red Crag of Suffolk. 

 — Subapennine strata; Upper massive beds of Montpellier; Hills of Rome; 

 Mount Mario, etc.; Antwerp and Normandy Crag; Aralo-Caspian deposits. 



6. Newer Pliocene — Britain. — Norwich Crag, of fluvio-marine origin, 

 containing mostly shells of species now found in British seas, with some Mam- 

 malian remains. Europe. — Sicilian Pleistocene formation, which covers nearly 

 half the island of Sicily; near the centre of the island, at Castrogiovanni, it has 

 a height above the sea of 3000 feet; the upper two-thirds of the whole are lime- 

 stone, and the rest mainly sandstone and conglomerate, underlaid by marl or 

 clay. 



The Pleistocene of Lyell, called also Newer Pliocene, includes the Drift epoch 

 and Cave deposits and bones which are a part of the Post-tertiary. The Upper 

 Eocene of Lyell is called Lower Miocene by some European authors, and the 

 distinction in the fossil plants between it and the Lower Eocene is so great 

 that there appears to be reason in the course. Lyell makes the Claiborne beds 

 equivalents of the Middle Eocene of Britain, and the Yorktown beds equivalents 

 of the Miocene; and this would place the Vicksburg beds on the same horizon 

 with his Upper Eocene. 



The lowest bsds of the Tertiary formation appear to be in part 

 made from detritus derived from the Chalk and its flints. The 

 beds of the next epoch in the Eocene are for the most part marine, 

 and have a wide distribution over Europe and Asia. They are 

 largely Nummulitic, many beds consisting almost wholly of the 

 thin, disk-shaped fossils called Nummulites. The beds of this era 

 occur in the London and Paris basins (Anglo-Parisian region). 

 They spread over parts of the Pyrenean and Mediterranean basins, 

 and many other regions in Europe, covering portions of the Pyre- 



