TERTIARY PERIOD. 529 



of Glaris in Switzerland, in hard black slate, probably of the same epoch ; Aix 

 in Provence, and also in Auvergne, of the Upper Eocene or Lower Miocene; at 

 Turin, Touraine, Vienna, Germany, etc., of the Miocene ; GEningen, of the Plio- 

 cene; also at Mount Lebanon in Asia Minor, of the early Tertiary. 



The earliest Mammalian genera of the Eocene are Coryphodon Owen, an 

 Herbivore (or Ungulate), and Palseocyon, a Carnivore (or Unguiculate) ; they 

 are from the lower Plastic clay of England and France. Pliolophxis Owen, is 

 another genus from a bed overlying the London clay; it is a hoofed Herbivore. 

 Some of the Paris basin genera are Palseotherium, Anoplotherium, above men- 

 tioned: also Dichobune and JCijjhodon, near Anoplotherium, Tapirotherium and 

 Lophiodon, closely related to the Tapir; Choeropotamus, having some of the cha- 

 racters of the Hog ; Hysenodon, Carnivorous ; Didelphis (Opossum, a Marsupial) ; 

 Vespertilio (Bat). 



The genus Lophiodon is peculiar to the lower part of the Parisian formation 

 (Parisian A, p. 523), in which it occurs with two species of the genus Dichobune; 

 the other genera mentioned were found in the Upper Parisian beds (B) or Mid- 

 dle Eocene. In beds elsewhere of the former epoch occur also the genera Hyra- 

 cotherium and Heterohyus, of the Hog family or Suillids; Propalseotherium, 

 Pachynolopus, and Anchilopus, near the Tapir; and Halitherium, related to the 

 Dugong. Some of the other genera of the latter epoch (called sometimes the 

 Palaeotherian) are Cynodon, of the Carnivores ; Paloplotherium, of the Palaeothe- 

 rian family; Xiphodon, Dichobune, of the Anoplotaerian ; Anchitherium, of the 

 Solid ungulate or Horse family ; Plesiarctomys, Adelomys, of Rodents ; etc. (These 

 details and the following are cited mainly from the 4th volume of Pictet's Palaeon- 

 tology.) 



The Auvergne beds, between the Eocene and Miocene in age, contain more 

 Carnivores in proportion, besides more modern genera. Among them there are 

 Machserodus, Hysenodon, Cynodon, Canis, Amphicyon, Viverra, of the Carnivores; 

 Palseotherium, Tapirus, Anthracotherium, Hyopotamus, Rhinoceros, of Pachy- 

 derms ; Erinaceus, of Insectivores ; Archseomys, Mus, Castor, Steneofiber, Lepus, 

 of Rodents, etc. 



Some of the Miocene genera are Pliopithecus, Dryopithecus, of Quadrumana; 

 Machserodus, Felis, Hyeenarctos, Hyeena, Canis, Viverra, Mustela, of Carnivores ; 

 Mastodon (M. longirostris, M. tajnroides, etc.), Elephas, Rhinoceros, Listriodon, 

 Sus, Anchitherium, Hippotherium, Equus, Hippopotamus, of Pachyderms ; Ca- 

 melopardalis, Antilope, Cervus, of Ruminants; Dinotherium ; Erinaceus, Talpa, 

 of Insectivores; Halitherium, Squalodon, Physeter, Delphinus, of Mutilates. 



A few of the Pliocene genera, in addition to the modern ones already enume- 

 rated, are Pithecus, Semnopithecus, of Quadrumana; Machserodus, Ursus, Phoca, 

 of Carnivores; Lepus, Putorius, Arctomys, Lagomys, Arvicola, Castor, of Ro- 

 dents; Balsena, Balsenodon, of Mutilates. 



The Tertiary Mammals of the Siwalik Hills, India, from beds supposed to be 

 Miocene, include, besides Quadrumana, species of Hysenarctos, Hysena, Felis; 

 Elephas (7 species), Mastodon (3 species), Rhinoceros (5 species), Hippotherium, 

 Equus (3 species), Hippopotamus (4 to 7 species), Sus (3 species), Ano2)lotherium, 

 Chalicotherium, 3ferycopotamus, Camelus, Camelopardalis ; Sivatherium, Anti- 

 lope, Moschus, Ovis, Bos (several species); Dinotherium; Hystrix. The Siva- 

 theriuvi was an elephantine stag, having four horns and probably a long pro- 



35 



