AGE OF MAN. 



581 



containing silver coins of the reign of Edward I. and some others, 

 found at Tutbury, England. It was obtained at a depth of ten 

 feet below the bed of the river Dove. 



The earliest remains of Man and his art occur with the bones of 

 extinct Post-tertiary animals, in the same conditions as the bones 

 of the modern Mammals above mentioned. They are flint arrow- 

 heads, stone axes, pieces of bone and wood cut or marked, and 



Fig. 845. 



Fig. 846. 



Human skeleton from Guadeloupe. 



Conglomerate containing coins. 



also some of the bones of skeletons. They have been found in 

 England, France, Switzerland, and some other countries in Europe. 

 The associated extinct animals include the Elephant (E. primige- 

 nius), Rhinoceros (R. tichorinus), Irish Elk (Megaceros), and Cave 

 Hyena. The localities are bone-caverns and beds of alluvium. The 

 facts appear to place it beyond doubt that Man began to exist 

 before the extinction of the Post-tertiary races, as before stated. 



Localities of human relics in stratified deposits. — (1.) Near Abbeville, France, in 

 the valley of the Somme, at Mencheeourt and elsewhere, first investigated by 

 B. de Perthes. — The excavations occur in a bed of alluvium (stratified loana, 

 sand, and gravel), situated about ninety feet above the valley ; the layers 

 apparently had not been disturbed since their formation under the action of 

 fresh waters. Land-shells {Helix, Pupa, Clausilia) occur in the bed with the. 

 arrow-heads ; and bones of the old Elephant were found in the overlying 



