686 



DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY. 



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and southern Peru, — Arequipa 18,000 feet; 19 or 20 about Quito, nearly all over 

 14,000 feet, and among them Cotopaxi, 18,876 feet in altitude; in Central 

 America there are 39 ; in Mexico, 7 of large size, with others smaller ; in Cali- 

 fornia, Oregon, and northwest America, 12, making a lofty series of snowy sum- 

 Fig. 966. 



i 



Volcano of Cotopaxi. 



mits, 12,000 to 18,000 feet high,— St. Helen's, in Oregon, 16,000 feet; Mt. Hood, 

 14,000 ; Mt. Shasta, 14,000. In the Aleutian Islands, which form a curve like 

 a festoon across the Northern Pacific, there are 21 islands with volcanoes ; in 

 Kamtchatka, 15 to 20; in the Kuriles, 13; in the Japan group, 24, some 10,000 

 feet high ; in the Philippines, 15 to 20 ; several along the north coast of New 

 Guinea; a number in New Zealand ; in the Antarctic, on the parallel of 76° 5', and 

 near the meridian of 168° E., Mts. Erebus and Terror, 12,400 and 10,900 feet high, 

 both in full action when seen by Ross in 1841; and more to the east, south of 

 Cape Horn, Deception Island and Bridgeman's. 



2. Over the Pacific. — At the Hawaian Islands, there are remains of ten or more 

 volcanic mountains, and two on Hawaii are now active, — Mt. Loa, 13,760 feet 

 high, and Mt. Hualalai, about 10,000 feet; while Mt. Kea, on the same island, 

 13,950 feet high, has not been very long extinct (fig. 24, p. 31, and fig. 973, p. 695). 

 There are other volcanic mountains at the Society group, Marquesas, Navigator, 

 Friendly Islands, Feejees, Santa Cruz group, New Hebrides, Ladrones; among 

 which Tauna and Ambrym in the New Hebrides, Tafoa and Amargura in the 

 Friendly group, Tinakoro in the Santa Cruz group, and two or three in the 

 Ladrones, are in action. 



3. Over the seas that divide the northern and southern continents from one an- 

 other, and the regions in their vicinity. — (a.) The West Indies, where ten islands 

 are eminently volcanic. (6.) The Mediterranean and its borders, as in Sicily 



