7G4 APPENDIX. 



carboniferous. — 320. Evidence of disturbances preceding the next Period. — 321. 

 Second Period. — Its Epochs. — Rocks of the first Epoch. — 322. Distribution of 

 the Coal areas of North America. — 324. Kinds of rocks, and proportion between 

 their thickness and that of the coal beds. — 325. Evidence that beds are true Car- 

 boniferous. — 326. Under-clays; trunks of trees. — 328. Kinds of coal. — Vegetable 

 remains in coal. — 329. Pyrites. — 333. Kinds of plants, and the groups to which 

 they belong. — Relation in size to modern Cryptogamous vegetation. — 334. Lepi- 

 dodendra. — 335. Sigillariae. — 337. Calamites. — Conifers. — 338. Ferns. — 343. 

 General character of animal life. — Two Classes of Vertebrates represented. — 

 The three orders of Fishes. — Kinds of early Reptiles. — 344, note. The two 

 orders of Reptiles, and their distinctive characteristics. — 352. Extent of Coal 

 measures in Europe compared with the American. — Id. in Great Britain. — 355. 

 Relations in life to American. — 356. Insects. 



XV. Carboniferous Age, Continued. — Page 359. Evidence that coal is of 

 vegetable origin. — Plants. — Evidence that the vegetation was land or fresh-water 

 vegetation, and not marine. — Coal a result from the decomposition of plants. 

 — 361. Presence of water essential. — Evidences as to climate and atmosphere of 

 the Coal Period. — 363. Their influence on the growth of plants. — 364. General 

 Geography of North America through the two Epochs. — 366. Evidences as to the 

 phases in the progressing period. — 368. General conclusions. — 369. Third 

 Period of the Carboniferous Age. — Origin of the name. — Distribution of rocks 

 in America, and their kinds. — 370. Life. — 371. Evidences as to the origin of the 

 beds. — 372. Distribution of the Permian in Europe. — 373. Relations of plants 

 to the Carboniferous. — 374. General character of the animal life. — 377. Origin 

 of the Palaeozoic rocks. — Diversities of the three great regions as to rocks. — 

 385. Id. as to the thickness of the rocks. — Relative duration of the Palaeozoic 

 ages. — 386. Progress in Geographical features of America through the Palaeo- 

 zoic. — 387. Mountains. — 388. Rivers. 



XVI. Carboniferous Age, Concluded. — Page 388. Evidences as to extent of 

 subsidence in the course of the Palaeozoic. — 389-391. Oscillations. — 391. Up- 

 lifts and dislocations. — 392. Direction of oscillations. — 393. Relation in direc- 

 tion to the forces acting in the Azoic age. — Evidences as to cotemporaneous 

 movements in Europe and America. — 394. Contrast between Europe and 

 America. — System of progress in life. — 395. First fact stated as to kinds of life, 

 with examples. — Second fact, with explanation and examples. — 396. Third 

 fact, with examples. — 397. Fourth fact, with examples. — Methods of extermina- 

 tions. — 398. Methods of extinction of tribes, etc. — 403. Evidence as to extent 

 of flexures in the Coal measures of the Appalachians. — 404. The whole Palaeo- 

 zoic involved in the flexures. — 405. Characters of folds on the east, or towards 

 the ocean. — 406. Facts with regard to the Appalachian flexures. — First ; second ; 

 third ; fourth. — 407. Fifth; sixth; seventh. — 407. Examples of great faults. — 

 408. Proofs from New England that the crystalline rocks are Palaeozoic. — 409. 

 Alterations of rocks by consolidation. — 410. Evidences as to debituminization 

 of coal. — Extent of crystallization or metamorphism. — Characteristics of the 

 force engaged : first ; second ; third ; fourth. — 411. Evidence of identity of force 

 with that of earlier time. — 413. Events marking the transition from the Palaeo- 

 zoic to the Mesozoic. 



XVII. Reptilian Age. — Page 414. — Mesozoic Time. — Grand characteristics 



