774 APPENDIX. 



PAGE FIG. 



703 975 Author. 



713 976 Author. 



716 977 Vanuxem. 



720 978 Lesley. 



748 979 ! Author. 



748 980-982 Ehrenberg. 



750 983 Hall. 



750 984 H. D. Eogers. 



Physiographic Chart, by the Author, excepting the Topography of the Con- 



680 954, 955 Lesley. 



681 956-965 Lesley. 



686 966 Humboldt. 



687 967 Author. 



688 968, 969 Author. 



689 970-972 Author. 



695 973 Author. 



696 974! Coan and Judd. 



tinents by A. Guyot. 



M. — Scientific Nomenclature. 



As words derived from the Greek, whether Latin (the language of the nomen- 

 clature of Natural Science) or English, are often written incorrectly, some of 

 the more common rules of orthography are here mentioned : — 



1. The Greek k becomes c in Latin and English. Thus, from KiKepwv (Kikeron) 

 comes Cicero ; from Kzvrpov (kentron) come centrum in Latin and centre in Eng- 

 lish. Other examples are circle, cephalic, microscope, catalogue. 



2. The Greek ai becomes as in Latin and e in English. Thus, from aiBrjp 

 (aither) come sether in the former and ether in the latter; from kmvos (kainos) 

 and (,uov (zoon) comes cenozoic ; from sequalis in Latin comes equal, from sedifi- 

 cium, edifice. Palaeontology would be correctly spelt Paleontology, although 

 seldom so done. 



3. The Greek oi becomes ce in Latin and ce or e in English. Thus, from oimvopua 

 (oikonomia) come ceconomia and economy. 



4. The Greek v becomes y in Latin and English. Thus, from crvvoipig (sunopsis) 

 comes synopsis; from uvtiXos (mutilos) mytilus ; from Aiyvnros (Aiguptos) come 

 jEgyptus and Egypt. 



5. The Greek terminations o$ and ov become in Latin us and urn. 



6. In compounding words, the first one takes the genitive form, and if Greek, 

 o is made its final letter, if Latin, i; but this Vowel is in each case dropped when 

 the following word begins with a vowel. Thus, from cov (gen. ovto;) and Aoyo? 

 comes Ontology, as in the word Palaeontology ; and, in the same word, the first 

 part, derived from TtaXaws, loses the final o ; from crux (gen. crude) comes cruci- 

 form ; from penna, penniform (not pennseform). 



7. Specific names named after a locality should end in ensis, as Canadensis 

 from Canada ; after an individual not the discoverer, in anus, as Sayanus from 

 Say ; after the discoverer, they should take the form of the genitive, as Van- 

 uxemi from Vanuxem. 



The initial letter of specific names, in this Manual, has been made a capital 

 when derived from the name of a place or that of a person, and when a sub- 

 stantive. 



