22 PREHISTORIC EUROPE. 



strong proof that human flesh formed no part of a Palaeolithic 

 repast. 



In fluviatile and lacustrine alluvia remains of Palaeolithic 

 man are of much rarer occurrence than in caves. They have 

 been recorded, however, by various observers from the ancient 

 loss or flood-loam of the Meuse and the Rhine. Professor 

 Crahay of Louvain, so far back as 1823, described a human 

 lower jaw which was dug up along with abundant remains of 

 mammoths during the process of excavating a canal between 

 Maestricht and Hocht. The jaw occurred underneath a depth 

 of nineteen feet of ancient river-accumulations. M. Ami Boue, 

 in the same year, disinterred human bones from the undisturbed 

 flood-loam of the Rhine at Lahr, and the same deposit at Eguis- 

 heim, near Colmar, has yielded to the researches of Dr. Paudel 

 a notable cranium, which was found at a depth of eight or nine 

 feet. A human skull was got in flood-loam of the same age at 

 Mannersdorf, and similar discoveries of human remains have 

 been made at Clichy, in the valley of the Seine, and at Grenelle, 

 in the valley of the Somme. Again, Professor Cocchi mentions 

 that at Olmo, near Arezzo, in the valley of the Arno, a cranium 

 was obtained, at a depth of nearly fifty feet, in lacustrine marl, 

 and the tusk of an extinct species of elephant {Elephas meri- 

 dionalis) occurred a few feet higher up in the same deposits. 



Various and contradictory views have been held by anthro- 

 pologists as to the character of the type or types of Palaeolithic 

 man, but, according to the recent researches of MM. de Quatre- 

 fages and Hamy, two dolichocephalic (long-headed) races occu- 

 pied Europe during the Old Stone Period. Of these the earliest to 

 appear was what they term the " Canstadt race," which is repre- 

 sented by crania found in the Neanderthal, the Yal d'Arno, the 

 Pyrenees, etc. This race was characterised by the more or less 

 extraordinary prominence of the superciliary ridges, and by a low, 

 narrow, and receding forehead. The orbits were very large and 

 almost circular, the nasal bones were prominent, and the nasal 

 orifices wide, while the upper jaw projected and the chin 

 retreated. " In short," says M. de Quatrefages, " the face and 



