ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERIODS. 23 



cranium of the Canstadt man must, as a rule, have pre- 

 sented a strangely savage aspect. The body appears to have 

 harmonised with the head. The few bones of the limbs, pre- 

 served more or less intact, indicate a stature of only 1 m. 68 to 

 1 m. 72 (5 feet 6 inches to 5 feet 8 inches), yet their proportions 

 are athletic." The second race is called by the same anthro- 

 pologist the "Cro-Magnon race" — the skull of the old man 

 found in the rock -shelter at that place being taken as the 

 type. This race was marked by its finely-proportioned skull, 

 which is distinguished from that of the Canstadt type by its 

 large and prominent forehead, and well-arched cranial vault, 

 and by the absence of strongly-marked superciliary ridges. 

 The upper part of the face was very broad in proportion to the 

 lower, the nose projected boldly forward, as did also the upper 

 jaw, and the slightly-triangular chin. The race was tall, and the 

 bones indicate remarkable strength and muscularity. M. Hamy 

 gives 5 feet 10 inches as the mean height. The Cro-Magnon 

 woman measured 5 feet 5*3 inches, the old man of the same 

 place 5 feet 11 "6 inches, while the Mentone man was as much 

 as 6 feet 0*8 inches. It is to this race that the artistic hunters 

 of Perigord and the Pyrenees belonged. 



I have incidentally referred to the fact that Palaeolithic 

 man was contemporaneous with the mammoth and other extinct 

 or migrated species. The fauna of the Old Stone Period differed, 

 as we shall see by and by, very much from that of the succeed- 

 ing Neolithic Age. Among the animals were lion, hyaena, 

 elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, mammoth, bear, musk-sheep, 

 glutton, reindeer, urus, and others, which are either locally or 

 wholly extinct. The Neolithic fauna, on the other hand, com- 

 prised a group of animals essentially the same as that which 

 now occupies Europe. Thus, the Palaeolithic is marked off, as 

 it were, from the Neolithic Period not only by the very distinct 

 character of its human relics, but also by the strong dissimi- 

 larity of its mammalian remains. We can trace a gradual 

 passage from Neolithic times into the succeeding Bronze Age, 

 but no such transition has yet been detected between the relics 



