xiv CONTENTS. 



CHAPTEE XIV. 



CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS OF PLEISTOCENE 

 PERIOD — SUMMARY. 



Climatic and geographical conditions of Europe during Pliocene times — 

 Gradual change of climate and commencement of Glacial Period — 

 Modification of fauna and flora in glacial times — Geographical con- 

 ditions in Pleistocene Age — Land-connection between Europe and 

 Africa — Continental condition of British area — Dry land in the 

 English Channel — Human relics in Pliocene strata — Cut bones in 

 Italian Pliocene — Human relics in Miocene strata — Geographical 

 conditions in Europe at the beginning of the last interglacial epoch — 

 Migrations of plants and animals — Character of interglacial climate 

 — Geographical conditions at climax of last interglacial epoch — 

 Gradual deterioration of climate — Geographical conditions towards 

 close of last interglacial and beginning of last glacial epoch — Last 

 glacial epoch — Migrations of plants and animals — Final disappearance 

 of great glaciers, etc. — Distribution of interglacial deposits — Inter- 

 glacial age of Palaeolithic man and mammalia of southern group. 



Pages 331-362 



CHAPTEE XV. 



NEOLITHIC, BRONZE, AND IRON AGES. 



Difficulty of ascertaining the relative antiquity of Neolithic relics — The 

 Danish "kitchen-middens" — Views of Worsaae, Steenstrup, and 

 Lubbock — Fauna of the " kitchen-middens " — Neolithic man — Con- 

 ditions of life — Shell -mounds of Britain and France — Lake-dwellings 

 of Switzerland — Dr. Keller on various forms of lake-dwellings — 

 Human relics — Remains of plants and animals met with in ruins of 

 lake-dwellings — Conditions of life — Passage from the Neolithic 

 through the Bronze into the Iron Age — Relics of Neolithic and later 

 archaeological periods in other regions — " Long-heads " and " broad- 

 heads " of British barrows — Celtae, Belgae, and Germani — Contrasts 

 between Palaeolithic and Neolithic Ages . . 363-380 



CHAPTEE XVI. 



POSTGLACIAL AND RECENT DEPOSITS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. 



Physical conditions of late glacial times — Scottish Postglacial beds — 

 Raised-beaches — Estuarine and river-deposits — Organic remains — 



