xii CONTENTS. 



Westeregeln — Mammalian and human remains in loss — Changes in 

 composition of loss — River-gravels and lignite underlying loss — Loss 

 of Northern France — Its relation to Diluvium gris and Diluvium 

 rouge — Terre d briques and Limon grossier — Fossils of French loss — 

 Belgian loss — Its organic" remains — M. Dupont on Belgian loss and 

 associated deposits — Tchernozem, or black-earth of Russia — Theories 

 of the origin of loss — Views of Bennigsen-Forder, Hibbert, Gumbel, 

 Lyell, Prestwich, Tylor, A. Geikie, Belt — Murchison on origin of 

 black-earth — De Mercey on origin of French limon — D'Acy's views 

 on same — Baron Richthofen's loss-theory — Mr. Pumpelly's views. 



Pages 143-168 



CHAPTEE X. 



THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



Early views of glacial phenomena — Agassiz's glacial theory — Glacial 

 phenomena of Scotland — Origin of rock-striae, roches moutonntes, till 

 or boulder-clay, etc. — Intruded till and great erratics — Direction of 

 glaciation in Scotland — Glaciation of Ireland ; of English Lake 

 District ; of Lancashire ; Wales, etc. — Glacial phenomena of north- 

 east of England ; of Midland districts and East Anglia — Great 

 erratics — Glaciation of Norway and Sweden ; of Finland and 

 Northern Russia ; of Germany — Contorted and disturbed rocks 

 under boulder-clay — Great erratics — Direction of the northern mer 

 de glace — Course followed by " under-tow " of ice-sheet 169-206 



CHAPTEE XL 



the GLACIAL period — Continued. 



Ancient glaciers of north and south sides of the Alps, of the Jura Moun- 

 tains, of the Black Forest, of the Vosges, of the Carpathians, of the 

 Ural, of the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains, of Central and 

 Southern Spain, of Corsica, of the Apuan Alps, of the Caucasus, of 

 the Lebanon, of the Atlas Mountains — Erratics in the Azores — 

 Limestone-breccias of Gibraltar — Breccias, etc., of Malta — Loam with 

 flints of Northern France — "Head" of maritime districts of the 

 Channel area — Stanniferous gravels of Cornwall — Glacial phenomena 

 of North America — Angular earthy debris of North Carolina — Volume 

 of water discharged from ancient glaciers — Quantity of mud in water 

 coming from glaciers — Origin of loss and loamy deposits of Rhine, 



