THE GLACIAL PERIOD. i 95 



severely glaciated aspect of the exposed rock-surfaces, and the 

 massive sheets of boulder-clay which cover so large a portion 

 of the low grounds of Sweden. The investigations of many 

 geologists in Norway — of Keilhau, 1 Durocher, 2 Martins, 3 

 Scheerer, 4 Horbye, 5 Kjerulf, 6 Sexe, 7 Eeusch, 8 Helland, 9 S. A.Sexe, 10 

 Pettersen, 11 and others, have familiarised us with the fact that 

 the deep fiords of Norway were filled to overflowing during the 

 Ice Age with vast glaciers. And the remarkable fact that the 

 high grounds, which form the boundary-line between Norway 

 and Sweden, were traversed in the region lying south-east of 

 Trondhjemsfjord by ice flowing across the, watershed towards 

 the north-west, was indicated more than twenty years ago by 

 Horbye. This and many other facts have led to the conclusion 

 that the whole Scandinavian peninsula was formerly enveloped 

 in a great mer de glace, and the direction followed by the ice 

 has been traced in sufficient detail to enable us to form a definite 

 view of the principal movements. In the mountainous regions 

 of Norway the ice flowed invariably in the direction of the 

 main fiords and principal valleys — the irregularities of the 

 ground giving rise, as in Scotland, to numerous local deflections. 

 In Sweden the prevalent trend of the striae corresponds likewise 

 with the average inclination of the ground, but as large tracts 



1 Nyt Mag. for Naturvid., Bd. i. 1838 ; Ibid., iii. 1841 ; Ibid., iv. 1845. 



2 Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 2 e Ser. t. iii. p. 65 ; t. iv. p. 29 ; Comptes Rendus 

 de VAcad. des Sci., t. xxi. p. 1158 ; t. xxii. p. 116 ; t. xxiii. p. 206 ; Voyages de 

 la Commission Scientifique du Nord en Scandinavie, Laponie, etc. 



3 Bull. Soc. G4ol. France, 2 e Ser. t. iii. p. 102 ; t. iv. p. 891 ; Edin. New 

 Phil. Journ., vol. xliii. p. 109. 



4 Annalen der Physik und Chemie (Poggendorf), Bd. lxvi. (1845) p. 269 ; 

 Nyt Mag. for Naturvid., Bd. vi. 



5 Universitets-Program (Christiania), 1857. 



6 Ibid. 1860 and 1870 ; TJdsigt over det sydlige Norges Geologi, 1879. 



7 Universitets-Program, 1864 and 1866. 



8 VidensTc. Selsk. Forhandl. (Christiania), 1868. 



9 Ofversigt of Kongl. Vetenskaps - Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1875, p. 53 ; 

 Om de isfyldte Fjorde og de glaciale Dannelser i Nordgronland ; Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc, 1877, p. 142 ; Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 1878, p. 387. 



10 Universitets • Program (Christiania), for 1874 ; Archiv for Mathem. og 

 Naturvid., 1877, p. 469. 



11 Arch, for Mathem. og Naturvid., 1877, pp. 272, 318. 



