576 



INDEX. 



Finland, glaciation of, 196 ; postglacial 

 deposits of, 470. 



Fir, 469, 480. 



Firth of Forth, shell-mounds of, 369 ; 

 post-glacial deposits of, 399 ; raised- 

 beaches of, 418. 



Fisher, Eev. 0., on erratic in Eoslyn 

 Hole, near Ely, 194. 



Fish, in interglacial beds of Val Borlezza, 

 305 ; in Danish kitchen-middens, 367 ; 

 of Swiss lake-dwellings, 373 ; of Baltic 

 Sea, 471 ; in Flemish peat, 480. 



Flemish coast, peat of, 479. 



Fliche, P., on Jarville lignite, 54 ; on 

 peat of Champagne, 493. 



Flint implements, early discoveries of, in 

 England, 4 ; Palaeolithic, 12. 



Floating-ice, evidence of, in Carse-clays, 

 396 ; traces of, in Scandinavian post- 

 glacial deposits, 472. 



Flood-deposits, interglacial, 264 ; glacial, 

 269 ; of last glacial epoch, 352. 



Floods, of Glacial Period, 232, 235 ; effects 

 of, upon deposits of last interglacial 

 epoch, 359. 



Floor-accumulations in caves, 75. 



Flora. (See Plants.) 



Flounder, 367. 



Flustra, 447. 



Fluviatile alluvia, remains of Palaeolithic 

 man in, 22. 



Flu vio -glacial deposits covering accumu- 

 lations of last interglacial epoch, 359. 



Folliculites newirthianus, 309. 



Forbes, E., on geological relations of 

 British fauna and flora, 508 ; on former 

 land - connection of Faerbe Isles and 

 European continent, 518. 



Forbes, J. D., cited, 174. 



Forchhammer cited, 366 ; striated rocks 

 of Faxb, 196 ; submerged peat of Den- 

 mark, 476. 



" Forest-bed " of Norfolk coast, 261, 334. 



Forests, of Arctic regions, 35 ; first great 

 extension of, in genial postglacial period, 

 522 ; second extension of, in later post- 

 glacial period, 528 ; decay of, in his- 

 torical times, 530. 



Forfarshire, shell-mounds of, 369. 



Fort Confidence, range of temperature at, 

 34. 



Fort- William, shell-bed at, 385. 



Forth, late glacial marine beds of the, 

 270. 



Fox, 31, 32, 87, 91, 97, 103, 107, 108, 

 113, 262, 367, 373, 427, 449, 463. 



Fox, Arctic. [See Arctic fox.) 



Fox, General Lane, cited, 7. 



Fox, Eev. Mr., cited, 341. 



Fraas cited, 18, 346. 



France, caves of, 15 ; plains of, invaded 

 by Swiss ice, 208 ; evidence of glacial 

 action in Northern, 223 ; Central, 



glaciation of, 211 ; clay-with-flints of, 



220 ; supposed kitchen - middens in, 



369. 

 Franconia, list of shells in loss of, 61 ; 



list of mammals in loss of, 62. 

 Fraxinus excelsior, 49, 50 ; F. ornus, 



47, 48, 49, 51. 

 Frere, J., cited, 123. 

 Freshwater shells in bed of Elbe, 477. 

 Frisches Haff, glacial deposits near the, 



281. 

 Frogs, 373. 



Fuchs, Th., cited, 237. 

 Fucus canaliculatus, 497. 

 Fuhlrott cited, 21.. i 

 Fulda, loss in valley of the, 146. 

 Funen, submerged peat of, 476. 

 Fustic, 47. 



Gadus morrhua, 471. 



Gailenruth Cave, 112. 



Galium palustre, 299. 



Gallican flora in Southern England, 509. 



Gandino, lignites near, 306 ; damming of 

 basin of, 307. 



Garavallen, 473. 



Garonne, loss in valley of the, 146 ; 

 ancient glacier of the, 211, 323. 



Garrigou on two glacial epochs in Pyre- 

 nees, 323 ; on Neolithic relics in Pyre- 

 nean caves, 377 ; on hiatus between 

 Palaeolithic and Neolithic ages, 554. 



Gastaldi cited, 113. 



Gaudin cited, 45. 



" Geest," 477. 



Geikie, A., on modern denudation, 128 ; 

 on origin of loss, 162 ; on glacial 

 striae in Caithness, 188 ; on interglacial 

 deposits, 253. 



Geinitz, F. E., on glacial phenomena in 

 Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 202, 279. 



Geographical changes in Pleistocene 

 Period, 331 ; in last interglacial epoch, 

 348. 



Geographical conditions during last glacial 

 epoch, 350 ; during postglacial and 

 recent period, 499. 



Geotrupes putridarius, 494 ; G. stereo- 

 rarius, 260 ; G. vernalis, 494. 



Gerdauen, sand of, 287. 



Germani, 376. 



Germanic flora, 508. 



German Ocean. (See North Sea. ) 



Germany, caves of, 112. 



Geschiebesand, 286. 



Gibraltar, breccias of, 216 ; interglacial 

 beds of, 324. 



Gillieron, estimate of antiquity of Neo- 

 lithic Age, 358. 



Giraldus Cambrensis cited, 456. 



Girard cited, 283. 



Gironde, submerged forests of, 481. 



Girvan, raised-beach near, 418. 



