CLASSIFICATION. 



297 



Asexual, or Floiveriess Plants^ 

 IBtema and leaves undistinguishable 

 Stema and leaves distinoruishable 



rAlgales 

 I. Thallogens < Fungales 

 iLiclieiiaies 



II. ACEOGEXS 



rMuscaleb 

 < Lycopodales 

 >-Filicales 



Sexual, or Flowering Plants. 



W^'ood of stem youngest in centre ; 

 cotyledon single. 



Leaves parallel-veined, permanent ; 

 wood confused 



Leaves net-veined, deciduous ; 

 wood, when perennial, arrang^ed 

 in a circle with a central pith 



VTood of stem youngest at circum- 

 ference, always concentric ; coty- 

 ledons two or more. 



Seeds quite naked 



III. Endogens 



IV. DiCTTOGENS. 



GJumales 



Arales 



Palmales 



Hydrales 



Narcissales 



Amomales 



Orchidales 



Xyridales 



Juncales 



Li hales 



Alismales 



V. Gtmnogens. 



beeds enclosed in. seed-vessels 



VI. Ekogens 



Diclinous 



Hypogynous 



Perigynous 



.Epigynous 



rAmentales 

 J Urticales 

 1 Euphorbiales 

 '^ &c. &c. 

 rViolales 

 J Cistales 

 1 Malvaies 

 *- &c. &c. 

 rEicoidales 

 J Daphnales 

 I Rosales 

 ^ &c. &c. 

 rCampanales 

 ^' Myrtales 

 I Cactales 

 ^ &c. «&c. 



Here, linear arrangement has disappeared: there is a 

 breaking up into groups and sub-groups and sub-sub-groups, 

 which do not admit of being placed in serial order, but only 

 in divergent and re- divergent order. "Were there space to 

 exhibit the way in which the Alliances are subdivided into 

 Orders, and these into Genera, and these into Species ; the 



the parts no longer needed, abort, and those parts develop which favour the 

 preservation of the race. Similarly in the Rhizogens^ the abortive development 

 of the leaves, the absence of chloropnyll, and the imperfect supply of spiral 

 vessels, are changes towards a structure fit for a plant which lives on the juices 

 absorbed from another plant; while the rapid and great derelopment of the 

 fructifying organs, are correlative changes advantageous to a plant, the seeds of 

 which have but small chances of rooting themselves. And just the same reason 

 tV;at exists for the production of immensely numerous but extremely small eggs 

 by Entozoa, exists for the production by Rhizogens^ of seeds that ui'e great »i4 

 number and almost spore-like in size. 

 20 



