MERULA CHRYSOLAUS (Temm.). 
JAPANESE BROWN OUZEL. 
Turdus chrysolaus, Temm. РІ. Col. ii. p. 587 (1831); id. & Schlegel, Faun. Japon., Aves, 
р. 64, pl. хххуш. (1847); Schrenk, Reis. Amurl., Zool. i. р. 952 (1860); Swinh. P. Z. 8. 
1871, p. 367; David & Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 152 (1877); Blakist. & Pryer, Ibis, 1878, | 
p. 241. 
Turdus chrysolotus, Gray, Gen, B. i. p. 219 (1847). 
Merula chrysolaus, Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 275 (1881); id. B. Japan. Emp. 
p. 48 (1891). 
М. rostro fuscescente, mandibula flava: pedibus flavis: axillaribus cinereis : hypochondriis aurantiaco-castaneis : 
pileo dorso concolore, olivascenti-brunneo ( $ ) vel cinerascente dorso discolore ( 4). 
Tue following account of this species is taken from Seebohm's ‘Birds of the Japanese Empire” 
(p. 48):—“ The Brown Japanese Ouzel is a resident in all the islands. It is common in Yezzo, 
congregating in large flocks in the winter (Whitely, Ibis, 1867, p. 199). On the main island it 
breeds on Fuji-yama, and winters in the plains near Yokohama; but many of the young birds- 
migrate in autumn to Formosa and South China, and it has once occurred in the Lower Amoor 
(Schrenk, Reis. und Forsch. im Amur-Lande, 1. р. 352). I have two examples of the young in first 
plumage obtained by Mr. Jouy on Fuji-yama, and in the Pryer collection there are fourteen adult 
birds Кот Yokohama (Blakiston & Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 241). Jouy found it quite common at 
Fuji in the breeding-season, and it was also found at Chiusenji Lake and at Tate-yama (Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus, vi. p. 279, 1883). I have an example collected by Mr. Ringer at Nagasaki, and 
Mr. Pryer has recorded it from the central group of the Loo-Choo Islands (Seebohm, Ibis, 1887, 
р. 174)” From the latter islands Mr. Outram Bangs has also recently recorded it, having 
examined two specimens sent from Ishigaki by Mr. Owston. Here he says it was observed between 
February 18th and June "th, so it probably nests there (Bull. Mus. C. Z. Harvard, xxxvi. p. 264, 
1901). 
Holst's opinion was that this Thrush was a winter visitor to the Loo-Choo Islands from November 
to May. He says that it was the most numerous species of Thrush on the islands, and great 
numbers passed on migration in March (Seebohm, Ibis, 1898, p. 47). Не also observed the Species 
on the Tsu-sima, the Twin Islands between Corea and Japan, where he saw some with a flock of 
Merula pallida late in April (Seebohm, Ibis, 1892, p. 88). 
The following note by Dr. Nikolski is published in Taczanowski's * Faune Ornithologique de la 
Sibérie Orientale’ (i. p. 314):—“ This Thrush does not extend far towards the north in the island 
of Sakhalin, but in the central portion of the island it is common enough in the valley of the 
River Alexandrowka, and nests there, being found exclusively in the ever-green forests. ЈЕ has 
not been met with on the northern coast of the island. It appears, however, to be found more 
numerously in the southern than in the central part of the island, and Poljakow obtained specimens 
there.” 
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